Autopoiesis and socialization: on Luhmann's reconceptualization of communication and socialization

In 1984, Niklas Luhmann published Soziale Systeme in which he applies the idea of autopoiesis (= self-production) to social systems. Abstracted from its biological connotations, the concept of autopoiesis leads to a sharp distinction between different kinds of autopoietic organization, i.e. between life, consciousness and communication. According to Luhmann, the relationship between social systems and human beings cannot be adequately analysed except by taking into account that they are environments for one another. If this theoretical background is accepted, the concepts and theory of socialization need to be revised. Luhmann takes issues with classical notions such as internalization, inculcation, or 'socialization to the grounds of consensus' (Talcott Parsons). After a historical overview of social systems research and general systems theory, it is indicated how communications trigger further communications and realize the autopoiesis of social systems. In the second part of the article, the distinction between social systems and psychic systems is used to discuss issues crucial to socialization theory. Both a revision of the concept of socialization, and lines for an empirical research programme are proposed in accordance with Luhmann's theory of social systems.     

市场经济中的政府行为——郭嵩焘“向西方学习”思想新探

郭嵩焘作为最早走出国门的思想家,是向西方学习最热情的鼓吹者.他特别注意从制度、体制层面去认识和理解西方政府行为,把西方的种种制度创设和经济发展联系起来研究,认为西洋富强之本主要在于其"朝廷政教",而不仅仅是"船坚炮利";强调人们应该承认西方文明的先进之处,使"向西方学习"成为国人思想和行动上的一种自觉.落实到实践中,就要以学习西方的"朝廷政教"为中心,多角度多层次地拓展学习西方的内容.     

一类非线性离散系统的复合DOBC和饱和控制

研究了一类带有干扰的非线性离散系统的抗干扰控制问题。针对外部干扰,设计了干扰观测器进行估计;针对系统中的饱和项,设计饱和控制器来消除饱和的影响。在此基础上,提出了基于干扰观测器的控制( DOBC)和饱和的复合控制策略,解决了一类非线性离散系统抗干扰控制问题。     

Getting “Bi” in the Family: Bisexual People's Disclosure Experiences

There are many similarities in gay, lesbian, and bisexual individuals' coming out experiences, but bisexual people face unique challenges. Despite this, an explicit focus on bisexual people is missing from family research. Using family systems and cultural sociological perspectives, the authors analyzed how social and cultural factors shape disclosure processes for bisexuals as they come out to multiple family members. After analyzing qualitative data from a diverse group of 45 individuals, they found that bisexual people navigate monosexist and heterosexist expectations in their family relationships. Cultural constructions of bisexuality shape the ways that bisexual people disclose their identities, including how they use language to influence family members' responses in desirable ways. Relationship status also influences bisexual people's disclosure strategies, as a romantic partner's gender is meaningful to family members' understandings of their sexual orientation. The findings highlight the importance of addressing cultural and social contexts in understanding sexual minority people's coming out processes.     

Improving spare parts inventory control at a repair shop

We study spare parts inventory control for an aircraft component repair shop. Inspection of a defective component reveals which spare parts are needed to repair it, and in what quantity. Spare part shortages delay repairs, while aircraft operators demand short component repair times. Current spare parts inventory optimization methods cannot guarantee the performance on the component level, which is desired by the operators. To address this shortfall, our model incorporates operator requirements as time-window fill rate requirements for the repair turnaround times for each component type. In alignment with typical repair shop policies, spare parts are allocated on a first come first served basis to repairs, and their inventory is controlled using (s, S) policies. Our solution approach applies column generation in an integer programming formulation. A novel method is developed to solve the related pricing problem. Paired with efficient rounding procedures, the approach solves real-life instances of the problem, consisting of thousands of spare parts and components, in minutes.A case study at a repair shop reveals how data may be obtained in order to implement the approach as an automated method for decision support. We show that the implementation ensures that inventory decisions are aligned with performance targets.     

从梦想到制度:习近平治国理政思想略论

习近平治国理政思想,在内政方面,就是在遵循全体人民共同富裕的原则下,以实现"中国梦"为奋斗目标。中国梦的实现必须靠可行的制度,简言之,即坚持"一个主题"、"二轮推进"、"三管齐下"、"四个全面"、"五位一体"的新举措,才能更好地实现人的自由全面发展。在外交方面,就是遵循合作共赢的原则,倡导亚洲安全观。长期基层工作实践是习近平治国理政思想生成的主要基础。     

On the Mean Remaining Strength of the k-Out-of-n:F System with Exchangeable Components

In this article, we consider the mean remaining strength of a k-out-of-n:F system in the stress–strength setup for the exchangeable components. We provide some results for parallel and series systems under this setup, where X₁, X₂, …, X_n are the strengths of the components designed under the common stress. An illustrative example is given for the k-out-of- n:F system using the multivariate FGM distribution.     

医院矩阵型财务管理组织架构的构建

医院财务管理组织架构是支撑现代医院健康发展的骨骼与脉络。为改善医院财务管理,保障医院资金安全,保证医院持续发展,本文在对当前企事业单位财务管理组织架构类型及发展趋势分析的基础上,通过分析两种医院财务管理组织架构的优缺点,提出了医院矩阵型财务管理组织架构。     

含不确定参数的时滞线性大系统的鲁棒稳定性

本文讨论了含不确定参数的时滞线性大系统的鲁棒稳定性,利用代数Riccati方程的解以及Lyapunov稳定性的概念,得到了系统为鲁棒稳定的判别准则。最后通过一个数值例子说明本文所得的稳定性判据的有效性。