宋代江南地区疾疫成因分析

现代医学认为流行病是由各种生物性致病原或称为病原体所引起的一组具有强烈传染性的疾病.而从传统医学角度而言,所谓流行病是指具有温热病性质的急性传染病,属温热病中具有强烈传染性、病情危重凶险并具有大流行特征的一类疾病.在古代文献中,一般称之为疲、疾疲、瘥、札、疠等.宋人也大体承袭了这一提法.通常情况下,疫病与流行病无法确切区分,因此,统称流行病为疾疫或瘟疫.宋代江南地区是流行病的多发区.这大概与江南地区水网密布,气候温湿、人口密集、人员流动频繁、经济较为活跃易于细菌病毒繁殖有关.     

中国居民健康对劳动参与的影响——基于多维健康指标的实证分析

居民健康对劳动参与的影响至关重要。国内相关研究只使用了自我评价的一般健康状况来衡量健康水平,然而健康是多维的,该指标可能未能全面度量我国居民真实健康水平对劳动参与的影响。为了克服这个问题,本文还同时使用短期疾病冲击、疾病史、身体质量指数、营养摄入等多个健康指标。结果表明,自我评价的一般健康状况没能完全揭示我国居民真实健康水平对劳动参与的影响,包括其在内的各个健康指标均为此可以提供相对独立的信息。      

Testing for qualitative interaction of multiple sources of informative dropout in longitudinal data

Longitudinal studies suffer from patient dropout. The dropout process may be informative if there exists an association between dropout patterns and the rate of change in the response over time. Multiple patterns are plausible in that different causes of dropout might contribute to different patterns. These multiple patterns can be dichotomized into two groups: quantitative and qualitative interaction. Quantitative interaction indicates that each of the multiple sources is biasing the estimate of the rate of change in the same direction, although with differing magnitudes. Alternatively, qualitative interaction results in the multiple sources biasing the estimate of the rate of change in opposing directions. Qualitative interaction is of special concern, since it is less likely to be detected by conventional methods and can lead to highly misleading slope estimates. We explore a test for qualitative interaction based on simultaneous confidence intervals. The test accommodates the realistic situation where reasons for dropout are not fully understood, or even entirely unknown. It allows for an additional level of clustering among participating subjects. We apply these methods to a study exploring tumor growth rates in mice as well as a longitudinal study exploring rates of change in cognitive functioning for Alzheimer's patients.     

Inference for Epidemics with Three Levels of Mixing: Methodology and Application to a Measles Outbreak

Abstract. A stochastic epidemic model is defined in which each individual belongs to a household, a secondary grouping (typically school or workplace) and also the community as a whole. Moreover, infectious contacts take place in these three settings according to potentially different rates. For this model, we consider how different kinds of data can be used to estimate the infection rate parameters with a view to understanding what can and cannot be inferred. Among other things we find that temporal data can be of considerable inferential benefit compared with final size data, that the degree of heterogeneity in the data can have a considerable effect on inference for non‐household transmission, and that inferences can be materially different from those obtained from a model with only two levels of mixing. We illustrate our findings by analysing a highly detailed dataset concerning a measles outbreak in Hagelloch, Germany.     

黄芩甙护肤霜的研制和应用

介绍利用中草药黄芩提取物黄芩甙制成水包油型护肤霜,其各项理化指标符合QB/T1857—93标准。临床应用结果表明,该护肤霜对黄褐斑、色素沉着、痤疮、皮肤粗糙、干裂疗效显著。     

江泽民关于卫生预防的思想探讨

江泽民同志非常重视卫生预防工作,对此作过详细阐述,学习和研究江泽民同志的卫生预防思想,有利于促进我国卫生事业的发展。从"预防为主"是我国卫生工作的基本方针之一、预防工作的重点、预防工作的举措等方面对江泽民的卫生预防思想进行了初步探讨。     

643例老干部健康体检患病情况分析

目的探讨影响老干部健康的主要疾病及预防策略。方法采用常规健康体检方法对我区643例老(≥60岁)干部进行全面体检及心电图、血液生化指标的检查,并以同时进行体检的1147例老年前期(50～59岁)干部作为对照。结果高脂血症、脂肪肝、高血糖、肾结石、高血压和前列腺增生为这些人群中患病率较高的前六位疾病。老年组中脂肪肝、高血压、高血糖和前列腺增生的患病率均高于老年前期组(P<0．05-0．005),高脂血症和肾结石的患病率在两组间均无显著性差异(P>0．05)。老年组心电图和超声心动图检查出现心肌缺血的改变均多于老年前期组(均P<0．005)。结论诸如高血压、高血糖等动脉硬化的高危因素在老年人中常见,定期健康体检是早期防治心血管疾病的有效方法。     

NOS3基因与阿尔茨海默病患病风险关联的研究

目的：阿尔茨海默病（ AD）是最常见的神经退行性疾病,与基因的多态性有关,包括内皮一氧化氮合酶3（ NOS3）发生变化。 NOS分解一氧化氮,并且在血脑屏障中起到有关键作用。探索NOS3基因（ rs1799983,G）与中国南方人群阿尔茨海默病患病风险的关联。方法采用病例-对照研究,在74例散发性患者和139例对照者中,对NOS3基因（rs1799983, G）进行两组间的等位基因及遗传模型基因型差异分析,NOS3基因使用聚合酶连反应-限制性内切酶（ PCR-RFLP）方法分型并测序进行验证。结果①NOS3基因（rs1799983,G）风险等位基因和基因型的频率在病例组和对照间组间的分布无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。②NOS3基因（rs1799983,G）在AD患者中携带ApoE4与非携带ApoEε4两组间基因型频率无显著性差异。结论研究显示NOS3基因rs1799983,G可能与中国南方人群AD患病风险无关联。     

体重指数和慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺功能及呼吸困难的研究

目的研究慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者肺功能及呼吸困难程度与体重指数的关系。方法 76例COPD稳定期患者按体重指数(BMI)分为2组,BMI<21kg/m2为低体重组,BMI23kg/m2～25kg/m2为正常体重组,每组各为38例,比较两组肺功能障碍和呼吸困难的发生率,分析BMI和肺功能及呼吸困难的相关性。结果低体重患者比正常体重患者呼吸困难发生率高,两者统计学有差异(P<0.05);两组肺功能FEV1(%)Pred,FEV1/FVC(%),MVV差异有显著性(P<0.05),正常体重组明显高于低体重组。结论 COPD患者的体重指数和肺功能及呼吸困难有一定的相关性,改善COPD患者的营养状况,有利于COPD患者改善肺功能和呼吸困难,提高生活质量。     

我国城市化可持续发展战略及对策

分析了我国城市化发展的基本特征,比较了我国的城市化发展水平同世界部分国家城市化水平的差距,阐述了城市化对国民经济发展的作用,指出不能依靠控制城市规模的办法来防止"城市病",提出了我国可持续发展城市化的战略构想.