偶然性与哲学问题的现代转向——以杜威偶然性思想为基础

杜威看到对偶然性的否定使传统哲学陷入到身心问题所导致的困境之中。他通过使哲学返回生活世界,从而肯定偶然性,使哲学问题由传统形而上学的问题转向实践问题。这一思路在现代西方哲学家中具有一定的典型性,因此,理解他的有关思想有助于理解哲学问题的现代转向。     

做好矿产资源管理的思考

我国的矿产资源管理存在着开采无序、资源配置效率和利用效率低下等严重问题,造成这些问题的原因主要有法规滞后、利益关系复杂、发展观不科学、消费观不科学等。应通过完善法律法规、引导树立科学发展观、加强监管等途径进一步做好矿产资源的管理工作。     

A new efficient unrelated randomized response model

The present paper suggests an interesting and useful ramification of the unrelated randomized response model due to Pal and Singh (2012 Pal, S., and S. Singh. 2012. A new unrelated question randomized response model. Statistics 46 (1):99–109.[Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) [A new unrelated question randomized response model. Statistics 46 (1), 99–109] that can be used for any sampling scheme. We have shown theoretically and numerically that the proposed model is more efficient than Pal and Singh (2012 Pal, S., and S. Singh. 2012. A new unrelated question randomized response model. Statistics 46 (1):99–109.[Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) model.     

The ebb and flow of the fortunes of African studies at the University of Cape Town: an overview

ABSTRACT

This article is an overview of African Studies at the University of Cape Town (UCT). Its main conclusion is that the University has so far failed to put the issue of African Studies high on its agenda. This is by no means a detailed account of the evolution of the concept of African Studies at UCT, but rather an overview that is meant to stimulate debate and discussion as UCT commemorates a centenary of African Studies. The article shows how UCT dealt with the notion of African Studies. In the period leading to the introduction of apartheid in South Africa UCT saw its role as providing resources to those tasked with the formulation and implementation of a “Native policy”. With the advent of apartheid, African Studies focused internally on the study of Africa and its people. This provides the backdrop to the debates of the late 1990s involving Mahmood Mamdani, which centred on the teaching of Africa in an African university. I wrap up this article by sounding a clarion call for UCT to put African Studies high on its agenda if it is serious in fulfilling its mission of making UCT a truly African university.     

“李约瑟问题”的中西文化比较解读及其启示

"李约瑟问题"是一个引起国内外众多人士关注的"问题丛",从中西文化比较视角能够作出更清晰地解读。在文化定位上,西方为自然哲学,中国为道德哲学;在文化取向上,西方属爱智,中国属致用;在文化精神上,西方倡批判怀疑,中国倡中庸;在文化传统上,西方学者传统、工匠传统、数学传统与宗教传统等蕴育了近代科学而中国诸传统与其迥然不同。由此,中国文化建设应注重研究基础理论、培养怀疑批判精神与培育科学文化等。     

《文心雕龙》的设问辞格

《文心雕龙》中的问句以设问为主。穷尽描写表明,《文心雕龙》设问辞格的形式标记有单用、连用、套用三种情形。《文心雕龙》中的设问辞格有其语用意义,独具共时表达功用和历时承用价值。     

Model selection information criteria in latent class models with missing data and contingency question

Latent class analysis (LCA) has been found to have important applications in social and behavioural sciences for modelling categorical response variables, and non-response is typical when collecting data. In this study, the non-response mainly included ‘contingency questions’ and real ‘missing data’. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of some potential factors on model selection indices in LCA with non-response data. We simulated missing data with contingency question and evaluated the accuracy rates of eight information criteria for selecting the correct models. The results showed that the main factors are latent class proportions, conditional probabilities, sample size, the number of items, the missing data rate and the contingency data rate. Interactions of the conditional probabilities with class proportions, sample size and the number of items are also significant. From our simulation results, the impact of missing data and contingency questions can be amended by increasing the sample size or the number of items.     

Rediscovering the social question

Neoliberal policies not only privatise formerly public services but also focus one-sidedly on discourses of individual autonomy and responsibility. This makes it difficult to raise ‘the social question’ (the question what constitutes social bonds) publicly since market principles are presented as allowing no alternatives. Social work owes its professional origins however to a shift from early capitalist individualism to policies recognising the need for social reconstruction and cohesion. It was mandated to reconcile the key principles of modernity, personal freedom and equality, although its methodology, often corresponding with social policy regimes, interpreted this mandate variably. Attempts in current social work to adjust to the cancellation of the social question through techniques of ‘activation’ and individualised care further the crisis of the project of modernity which manifests itself in a split between heightened public control measures and privatised concerns for ‘care’, thereby altering its core identity. Reflections on social work's historical position within varying political contexts help to promote a renewed critical examination of the profession's political role and highlight the need to turn interventions at the personal level into occasions that affirm social citizenship, ensure rights and promote social equality.     

Predicting data quality of proxy reports in egocentric network studies

Egocentric network studies and many general population surveys rely on proxy reports about network contacts of study participants that are asked in name interpreter questions. A central concern is the extent to which proxy reports match the answers these contacts would give themselves if they would be directly interviewed. Based on the theory of survey satisficing, the present research proposes a theoretical framework that allows predicting when proxy reports are likely to match self-reports. Congruence is higher if respondents possess the motivation and ability to answer a proxy question effortfully, and if the task is not too difficult. Moreover, the theory of survey satisficing states that motivation, abilities, and task difficulty are not independent of each other, which provides an explanation for inconsistent findings in the literature. Results from two egocentric network studies study among German adults (N = 756) and among Dutch middle school students (N = 679), in which network contacts were also interviewed, are in line with these hypotheses. Design recommendations for egocentric network studies are provided.     

现代汉语的否定焦点和疑问焦点

本文运用三个平面的语法理论 ,分析了否定与焦点的关系 ,认为否定范围内实际被否定的成分是否定焦点 ,其余部分是句子的预设。分类考察了不同类型疑问句的焦点表达形式 ,并对某些相关问题进行了论述。