The polarisation and intensification of parental employment in britain: Consequences for children,families and the community

On the basis of an analysis of UK parental employment between 1984 and 1994, using data from the Labour Force Survey, the authors identify three important trends: increasing integration of women with children, particularly with young children, into the labour market; increasing differentiation in mothers' employment opportunities and growing polarisation in household employment patterns; and an intensification of paid work amongst employed parents, contributing to a growing concentration of work–both paid and unpaid caring work–among women and men in the so-called 'prime working years' of 25 to 50 years. The article considers some possible consequences of these trends for children, families and communities, including the polarisation of children's childhoods, family incomes and neighbourhoods, the increasing workload on individual parents and families, tension between parents over the division of child care and domestic tasks and the issue of lime. The article concludes that the current UK focus on policies to support working parents in 'reconciling employment and family responsibilities' begs the question of how far these, and other activities, are reconcilable–and if they are, under what conditions, what cost and to whom–and may fail to address the difficult, threatening and 'wicked issues' at the heart of the work-family relationship.     

Catholicism, Job Security Regulations and Female Employment: A Micro-level Analysis of Esping-Andersen's Social Catholicism Thesis

This article explores the religious roots of job security regulations in Western democracies by putting Esping-Andersen's famous social Catholicism thesis to the test. Esping-Andersen argues that due to religious socialization, Catholics exhibit more conservative family values, i.e. they tend to support the male breadwinner model. To sustain this model of family organization, Catholics are expected to support job security regulations. These regulations have been described in the literature as important determinants of gender-segregated labour markets and low female employment rates. Data from this article show that while Catholics indeed support more conservative family models, so do Reformed Protestants and religious persons in general. Furthermore, no relationship between religious denomination and preferences for job security regulations can be observed. The analysis thus refutes Esping-Andersen's social Catholicism thesis.     

Material hardship and self-rated health among low-income households in South Korea

Concerns over poverty and health inequality are growing in South Korea. Using advanced statistical methods including lagged-dependent variable and fixed-effects approaches, we investigated whether experiencing material hardship (MH) was associated with self-rated health (SRH) among low-income households in South Korea. This study found that the experience of MH was positively associated with higher likelihood of reporting poor SRH (OR = 1.42, p < .05) and that experiencing two or more items of MH presented more harmful influence on SRH (OR = 2.02, p < .001). This study also found that the negative association between MH and SRH was stronger among the unemployed households.     

以就业为导向,整合高职高专课程体系——以重庆教育学院旅游管理专业教改试点为例

以服务为宗旨,就业为导向,构建高职特色的课程体系,是高职高专教改的关键之一,也是教改的当务之急。重庆教育学院旅游管理专业,几年来在教改试点过程中,通过对课程改革观念、课程体系结构、课程教学内容、课程教学方法、课程教学环节和课程评价机制六大方面整合,对构建合理的课程体系,作了有益的探索,取得了社会认可的实效。     

浅议高校毕业生中就业困难群体的指导

分析了高校就业困难群体的种类以及就业困难群体产生的原因,提出了高校应对就业困难群体应采取的有效措施,并探讨了高校就业指导工作的发展方向。     

FATHERS’ USE OF LEAVE IN AUSTRALIA

This paper examines Australian fathers’ use of leave at the time of the birth of a child, drawing on data from The Parental Leave in Australia Survey, conducted in 2005, and a subsequent organizational case study. Our analysis shows that although most Australian fathers take some leave for parental purposes, use of formally designated paternity or parental leave is limited. This is unsurprising given the Australian policy framework, which lacks legislative provision for paid paternity or parental leave, and does not require any of the shared unpaid parental-leave entitlement to be reserved for fathers. Use of leave is shown to be influenced primarily by fathers’ employment characteristics, with those working in small organizations or non-permanent positions least likely to utilize paternity or other forms of leave. Overall, the analysis suggests that improvements in the policy framework would increase Australian fathers’ propensity to take parental leave, but highlights barriers to usage associated with labour market divisions and career pressures that will not be solved solely by the adoption of more progressive leave policies.     

就业重压下高校德育的困境与对策

随着高等教育从“精英教育”逐渐走向“大众教育”,大学生就业问题日益突出,残酷的就业形势导致有些毕业生心态失衡,校园中出现恶性竞争、道德滑坡现象。严峻的形势暴露了高校德育工作在学生就业教育方面的困境:理想与实际的矛盾、传统与现实的冲突、说教与实践的脱节等等。因此,高校德育应从丰富德育内容,强化就业教育主题;改进德育方法,重视职业心理教育;提高教师素质,增强就业教育责任感等方面入手,走出困境,发挥强有力的功效。     

“应用光学”双语教学研究与实践

随着大学毕业生人数的与日俱增,用人单位录用机制的转变,大学生就业问题逐渐成为一个群体性的难题.就高校而言,为解决这一难题,必须改革滞后的毕业生就业指导模式,使缺乏系统性、针对性的就业指导向职业生涯规划辅导转变.高校应从学生入学开始,就对其进行职业生涯规划教育,帮助、指导学生正确地分析自身的条件和就业环境,引导他们确立合适的职业目标,并督促其落实到实际行动中去.     

大学生就业心理问题及其引导

文章对大学生在就业上存在的自卑、焦虑、依赖、不平衡、怕吃苦等心理问题作了简要分析,并针对这些心理问题,提出从七个方面做好大学生的就业心理教育工作,引导他们以积极的心态面对就业.     

大学生就业问题

大学生就业问题是我国就业问题中带有战略性的核心问题。根据大学生就业的现状,分析其中的原因并且指出大学生就业难已成为当前我国经济与社会生活中最突出的问题之一。影响大学生就业难的主要症结在于高校扩招、有效需求的不足、大学生就业观念陈旧和教育用人机制存在弊端,并藉此提出了相应的对策和建议。