Transitions to adulthood in contexts of economic crisis and post-recession. The case of Argentina

The possibilities that are available to youth in contemporary Western societies are highly sophisticated and related mostly to the transition between secondary school and higher education, the first job placement, independent housing, lifestyle construction and the consumption of goods produced by cultural industries in a globalist world. Secondary education represents a main factor in terms of socialisation, training, access to employment, citizenship and youth identity construction, making it a key for public policies aimed at youth in Latin America. The article presents the initial results of a research project on transition processes from secondary school to employment in Argentina. The findings are based on statistical information and the empirical analysis of data gathered in two very different economic and social contexts: the first was one of the worst social and economic crisis in the country's history (1999–2003), and the second was a long period of economic growth and increased social welfare (2004–2012). The data are presented in response to the following question: How do different economic contexts influence the transitions of youth in different social class contexts? By answering this question, the significant role of public policies in generating better living conditions for youth becomes clear.     

构建和谐社会与社会结构的调整

党的十六届四中全会提出要构建社会主义和谐社会,提出要加强社会建设和管理,如何实现这个战略性的任务,从社会结构理论来说,就是要在今后的实践中,继续深化改革,创新和制定恰当的经济社会政策,推进户籍、就业、人事、社会保障等方面体制的改革,调整城乡、区域和就业结构,使该小的农业劳动者阶层逐渐缩小,使该大的社会中间阶层的规模逐渐扩大。这是培育形成一个合理的、开放的现代社会阶层结构,形成构建社会主义和谐社会的坚实的基础,也是我们今后要特别加以重视并做好的任务。     

自主创业：实现高校毕业生充分就业的良策

自主创业是实现高校毕业生充分就业的必要途径，高校毕业生自主创业在我国是可行的。自主创业在高校毕业生就业工作中存在缺少社会支持、高校的教育不到位、毕业生自身的问题，自主创业实现高校毕业生充分就业的对策有：政府和社会要为高校毕业生自主创业创造有利条件；高校要全面提高教学质量，加强对毕业生的创业教育；毕业生应注重自身素质的提高，树立正确的创业心态.     

影响我国劳动力就业的因素分析及政策选择

当前受劳动力市场中的诸多矛盾及体制性弊端的影响,我国的劳动力就业面临着内部阻力和外部压力,劳动力的就业问题成为影响我国经济发展的突出问题.要妥善解决这一问题,就要求我们实施积极的就业政策,通过创造就业机会、转换就业结构、深化劳动就业体制改革、提高劳动者素质等措施,从根本上提高我国劳动力的就业能力,从而促进我国劳动力的顺利就业与再就业.     

人力资本、雇佣制度与职工持股问题研究

随着科学技术的进步和现代企业制度的发展,人力资源日益资本化了,即人力资源转化为人力资本。与此相适应,企业的雇佣制度也开始发生变化,已经或将要从单向的资本雇佣劳动转变为资本与劳动相互雇佣的制度,或者转变为劳动者自我雇佣的制度,即劳动者自己的资本雇佣自己劳动的制度。人力资源性质和企业雇佣制度的这种革命性变革的集中表现,就是职工持股制度在世界各国的普遍建立和扩展。我国的职工持股制度形成的时间还不长,并且带有很大特殊性,还有若干重要理论与实际问题迫切需要解决。     

西方人口流动模型及其对我国就业政策的启示

一个社会所能容纳的就业总量 ,除了受全社会的产出水平决定外 ,还受其它一些因素的影响。其中 ,人口的流动、特别是从农村向城市的人口流动会对一个国家的就业人数产生很大的影响。分析西方的人口流动模型 ,是为了探讨运用这些理论选择适合我国国情的就业政策。     

正确处理发展技术密集型产业与劳动密集型产业的关系

~~正确处理发展技术密集型产业与劳动密集型产业的关系@陈永志$厦门大学经济系!福建厦门361005~~~~~~     

我国就业压力的现状、问题和出路

在不断推进社会主义市场经济发展过程中 ,如何缓解我国巨大规模的就业压力 ,是一个值得研究的课题。本文在分析了我国当前就业压力的现状、问题的基础上 ,提出了缓解我国就业压力的基本思路     

Study on the Labor Resources Distribution and Optimizing Configuration

This thesis analyzes the change of labor resources distribution in the whole country and the effect of financial crisis on the labor force by use of employment population size,investment scale and the relevant data of GDP scale from different provinces in China.The optimal investment model of labor force is built according to the Marginal Product Elasticity Theory to estimate the quantity of surplus labor force in provinces and cities in China.It also analyzes the effect of investment on the labor force migration according to Capital-Labor Force Flow Model of Thomas B.The study shows that there is no shortage of labor resources in our country;the labor resources distribution in eastern regions is close to the optimization;the largescale surplus labor force still exist in central and western regions;western regions will become the regions with the largest number of surplus labor resources instead of central regions.     

The Analysis of the Employment Status of China' s labor Force and Its Variations

With the aging of population,the academic researches tend to focus on the size,structure,quality of the labor forces.This article,based on the data of 2012 CLDS,describes demographically the employment status of China’s labor force by fourtypes:employee,employer,selfemployed and farming and analyzesthe variations in the indicators of the 4 types employment status,such a shuman capital,working hours,worksites,in come,social security,job evaluation and work values and identity of social class,etc.Understanding these variations is a great significance to the proper labor policy-making.