Rank-based analysis of repeated measures block designs

A rank-based inference is developed for repeated measures balanced incomplete block and randomized complete block designs using a suitable dispersion function. Asymptotic distributions of rank estimators are developed after establishing approximate linearity of the gradient vector of the dispersion function. Unlike available nonparametric procedures for those designs, estimation and testing are tied together. Three different test statistics are developed for testing the linear hypotheses. Friedman's (1937) statistic and Durbin's (1951) statistic are particular cases of one of the three proposed statistics. An estimate of a scale parameter which appears in the ARE expression as well as as in the variences and covariances of the rank estimators is discussed.     

Measuring the Influence of Unemployment Insurance on Unemployment Experiences

This article investigates the comprehensive effects of unemployment insurance (UI) policies on the amount of time and unemployment that individuals report between jobs. The econometric model jointly determines the effects of UI on the lengths of nonemployment spells, the classification of these spells as unemployment, and the likelihood of collecting program benefits. The model carefully attempts to isolate variation in UI benefits attributable to differences in generosity across programs to avoid biases in estimating policy effects induced by other contaminating sources of benefit variation. Using data on men from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, the empirical results find (a) UI recipients typically experience longer spells between jobs, at least up to the exhaustion of UI benefits, and report substantially larger fractions of these spells as unemployment; (b) weekly benefit amounts exert no significant influence on the likelihood of UI recipiency, on the length of spells between jobs, or on the fraction of these spells classified as unemployment; and (c) increases in weeks of UI eligibility raise the likelihood of UI collection and lengthen the number of weeks of unemployment between jobs by inducing long spells to become longer and not by altering short-duration behavior.     

Some further aspects of the löwner-ordering antitonicity of the moore-penrose inverse

A survey is given of known proofs of the antitonicity of the inverse matrix function for positive definite matrices w.r.t. the Lowner partial ordering, and of the corresponding result for the Moore-Penrose inverse of nonnegative definite matrices [the theorem of Milliken and Akdeniz (1977)]. A short new proof of the latter result is obtained by employing an extremal representation of a nonnegative definite quadratic form. Another proof of this result involving Schur complements is also given, and is seen to be extendable to the case of symmetric (not necessarily nonnegative definite) matrices. A geometrical interpretation of Milliken and Akdeniz's theorem is presented. As an application, the relationship between the concepts of greater (maximum) concentration and smaller (minimum) dispersion is considered for a pair (class) of vector-valued statistics with possibly degenerate distributions.     

Quantile dispersion graphs to compare the efficiencies of cluster randomized designs

The purpose of this article is to compare efficiencies of several cluster randomized designs using the method of quantile dispersion graphs (QDGs). A cluster randomized design is considered whenever subjects are randomized at a group level but analyzed at the individual level. A prior knowledge of the correlation existing between subjects within the same cluster is necessary to design these cluster randomized trials. Using the QDG approach, we are able to compare several cluster randomized designs without requiring any information on the intracluster correlation. For a given design, several quantiles of the power function, which are directly related to the effect size, are obtained for several effect sizes. The quantiles depend on the intracluster correlation present in the model. The dispersion of these quantiles over the space of the unknown intracluster correlation is determined, and then depicted by the QDGs. Two applications of the proposed methodology are presented.     

试论离婚之精神损害赔偿制度

离婚之精神损害有离因精神损害和离婚精神损害两种.前者是夫妻一方对另一方构成侵权行为而导致离婚,从而给一方造成精神痛苦,受害方可请求精神损害赔偿.我国新的<婚姻法>确立了这一精神损害赔偿制度,填补了我国婚姻制度的一个空缺.而后者是夫妻一方对另一方并无侵权行为,离婚本身即为构成精神损害之直接原因,如由于第三者插足、婚外恋、夫妻一方被判处徒刑等.这种离婚同样使一方受到精神损害,自然也应得精神损害赔偿.遗憾的是,新的<婚姻法>并未作此规定.因此,要完善我国离婚之精神损害赔偿制度,不仅要使离婚之精神损失赔偿的权利义务主体进一步扩大,把第三者也作为离婚之精神损害赔偿的义务主体,而且还要将离因精神损害赔偿扩大到离婚精神损害赔偿,将因婚外恋、第三者插足、因配偶一方犯罪而被判入狱和其他原因导致离婚的情况作出规定,使精神受害者得到应有的经济救济和补偿.     

线性电压信号光隔离变送器的设计及其温度补偿

报告了4N系列光电耦合器件的线性性和温度特性的测试结果。使用这种常见的光电耦合器件,设计完成了一种具有温度补偿功能的线性光隔离电压变送器。     

土地补偿费农户间的分配：秩序与法治

土地补偿费农户间分配的各地方实践,并未完全遵循“土地补偿费主要用于被征地农户”的中央政策原则。国家政策的背后与中国社会所面临的政治、经济、社会等问题不无关联,而经由村民民主讨论形成的乡村分配秩序则分享着另一套民间规范的逻辑,虽呈现出“地方性”与“规则不确定性”,但并非无序,主要问题在于“多数人的暴政”容易产生剥夺少数群体正当权益的行为。应当运用结构分化的方法,尊重民间秩序的积极意义,用正式法抑制民间秩序可能产生的负面影响。     

论死亡赔偿金的制度价值

2009年12月26日通过的《侵权责任法》明确规定在同一事故中可不考虑个人差异,以同一数额确定死亡赔偿金。该条同命同价条款引起社会各界的广泛关注。死亡赔偿并不是对死者生命价值的赔偿,而是对死者近亲属受损利益的救济。死亡赔偿从扶养丧失说改采继承丧失说,赔偿标准采定型化赔偿和客观计算,体现了立法没有为了逻辑自治而漠视社会现实,但对城乡居民采用了两分法的计算标准,显然违背了死亡赔偿金设立的初衷。今后死亡赔偿金制度的完善必然取决于对有关利弊的实证分析而非抽象的逻辑推理。     

论惩罚性赔偿制度及其立法建议

现代意义上的惩罚性赔偿制度是一种与补偿性赔偿、精神损害赔偿不同的承担责任的方式。随着中国起草民法典的深入,该制度也逐渐受到重视,适当加大惩罚性赔偿制度的适用范围,全面保护受损害方的合法权益。我国应全面建立起符合我国国情的惩罚性赔偿制度。     

全球化进程的正反方、分野及其转化

本文试图从国际政治经济学的视角考察全球化之动力与反冲。全球化既造就了赢家,也产生了输家。有理由认为,那些从全球化进程中获益相对较多的国家或社会群体,将成为全球化的坚定支持者,从而推动进一步的开放。反之,那些因全球化而受损的国家和群体,很可能成为全球化的反对力量。尽管如此,赢家与输家的分野并非一成不变。如果各国政府能够以行之有效的政策手段来调和赢家与输家之间的分歧和对抗,那么全球化面临的反对力量就有可能被转化为动力。