西部民族地区旅游生态补偿政策实施的实践探索

The ethnic regions of Western Chi￣na are rich in ecological and cultural tourism re￣sources. At the same time, the regions are also ec￣ologically vulnerable areas with large populations of ethnic groups who have lived for a long time in poverty. Based on years’ investigation, it is obvi￣ous that tourism development, even though it can promote local economic development, has had a significant negative impact on the ecology, envi￣ronment and local communities. During the 18 th and 17 th National Congresses of the Communist Pary of China, a policy was announced to improve ecological compensation and accelerate the estab￣lishment of an ecological compensation mecha￣nism. So far, both government and academia have mainly focused on the effects and necessities of building a mechanism for ecological compensation. Of special concern, even if governments at all lev￣els sequentially enacted a series of policie with cer￣tain characteristics of ecological compensation, the public is still questioning the impartiality and legit￣imacy of the charges of such policy of ecological compensation. Thus, the task of implementing the ecological compensation policy faces many obsta￣cles. At present, the core research issue on eco￣logical compensation is no longer just the question of why it should be charged. This question was al￣ready clearly stated in official documents from cen￣tral government. Up to now, the core issues that need clarification are:in practice, how the charge be made; what amount of money should be charged;how will the revenue from the charge be used;how will the revenue derived from the charge be audited; and whether or not this charge can help to achieve government objectives in such a way.
Based on the unique background of the ethnic regions of Western China, this paper deeply analy￣ses issues of implementing policies such as ecologi￣cal compensation for tourism, including the illegi￣bility and legitimacy of who should pay, how much should be paid, and how to manage the funds im￣partially; and providing scientific and reasonable countermeasures to solve these practical problems. Compared with other industries, the tourism indus￣try became the pioneer for the practice of ecologi￣cal compensation as well as the research objective of ecological compensation studies. Some research￣ers defined ecological compensation for tourism as a system of regulating related ecological interests to protect the ecosystems of tourism destinations and promote sustainable development of the tourism in￣dustry ( Zhang Yiqun, Yang Guihua, 2012 ) . Al￣though such a definition is still fuzzy, at least it in￣dicates that the research of ecological compensation for tourism involves interdisciplinary fields inclu￣ding Economics, Sociology, Ecology and Tourism, etc. Currently, the research of ecological compen￣sation for tourism has insufficient first hand empiri￣cal research data. At the same time it has not yet had nationwide impact, either domestically or over￣seas. The research on implementing policies for the ecological compensation of tourism is at an early stage in China.
Obviously, it is hard to find sufficient re￣search results or research methods for reference, which brings certain limitations to this paper. To demonstrate the scope of this study, this paper de￣fined tourism ecological compensation as exploring the feasibility of spending fiscal revenue ( paid by tourism enterprises, tourists or other stakeholders) on protecting natural ecological environment. Based on this definition, this paper generated three actual issues with regard to implementing policies of ecological compensation for tourism, including the vagueness of the charge, the lack of unified, standard levies, and the non-tranparency of fund management. Combined with analyzing the current special background of implementing policies of ec￣ological compensation for tourism in the ethnic re￣gions of Western China, and by especially empha￣sizing the local communities of the ethnic groups who should be compensated, this paper tries to provide scientific and reasonable countermeasures consisting of implementing corresponding national policy, formulating correlated policy in accordance with local conditions and standardizing and institu￣tionalizing fund management. This paper not only attempts to support strongly implementing policies of ecological compensation for tourism at the insti￣tutional level, but also to coordinate the contradic￣tions between tourism development and ecological protection, and local community self - develop￣ment, hoping to achieve the win-win objectives of promoting an ecological compensation policy for tourism, tourism poverty alleviation and ecological civilization.     

Analysis of robust design experiments with time-dependent ordinal response characteristics: a quality improvement study from the horticulture industry

An approach to the analysis of time-dependent ordinal quality score data from robust design experiments is developed and applied to an experiment from commercial horticultural research, using concepts of product robustness and longevity that are familiar to analysts in engineering research. A two-stage analysis is used to develop models describing the effects of a number of experimental treatments on the rate of post-sales product quality decline. The first stage uses a polynomial function on a transformed scale to approximate the quality decline for an individual experimental unit using derived coefficients and the second stage uses a joint mean and dispersion model to investigate the effects of the experimental treatments on these derived coefficients. The approach, developed specifically for an application in horticulture, is exemplified with data from a trial testing ornamental plants that are subjected to a range of treatments during production and home-life. The results of the analysis show how a number of control and noise factors affect the rate of post-production quality decline. Although the model is used to analyse quality data from a trial on ornamental plants, the approach developed is expected to be more generally applicable to a wide range of other complex production systems.     

城镇化进程中农村征地补偿制度的构建

改革开放以来.随着我国经济飞速发展,城镇化进程不断加快,大量的农村土地被征用,许多农民失去了赖以生存的土地.对于失地农民而言,唯一能保障其生活就是土地征用补偿.但是,在我国现行的土地征用补偿制度下,许多农民却出现"征地返贫"的现象.审视我国现行的土地征用补偿制度,其存在一系列问题,应当从将市场因素导入补偿标准、提高土地征用补偿标准、扩大补偿范围、丰富补偿方式等方面完善土地征用补偿制度.     

透析实施生育保险制度的局势

从社会学视角对实施生育保险制度的必要性进行探讨,分别从宏观(包括人口转变规律、经济体制改革、提高人口素质的需求三个方面)、中观(包括社会支持网络的变迁、保障女性群体地位、保障企业平等竞争三个方面)和微观层面(包括生育观念的转变、生育的风险性、体现女性的生育价值三个方面)进行层层剖析,说明实施和拓宽生育保险制度势在必行。     

从实务案例出发谈债务加入的认定方式与追偿问题

关于债务加入虽然我国法律上并无明文规定,但自“苏高发审委[2005]16号纪要”首先提出来之后,无论是法学理论上还是法律实务上均成为讨论和应用的热点。笔者以审判实践中遇到的一种特殊情况为出发点,旨在通过争议焦点分析的方式对债权人做出的替保证人还款这一情况应认定为债务加入,并以案例分析的方式系统的展示债务加入的认定方式,并在最后分析了债务加入人履行了债务之后应如何追偿的问题,希望能够作为在实务中分析认定债务加入的有效借鉴。     

Model selection criteria in beta regression with varying dispersion

We address the issue of model selection in beta regressions with varying dispersion. The model consists of two submodels, namely: for the mean and for the dispersion. Our focus is on the selection of the covariates for each submodel. Our Monte Carlo evidence reveals that the joint selection of covariates for the two submodels is not accurate in finite samples. We introduce two new model selection criteria that explicitly account for varying dispersion and propose a fast two step model selection scheme which is considerably more accurate and is computationally less costly than usual joint model selection. Monte Carlo evidence is presented and discussed. We also present the results of an empirical application.     

全球化进程的正反方、分野及其转化

本文试图从国际政治经济学的视角考察全球化之动力与反冲。全球化既造就了赢家,也产生了输家。有理由认为,那些从全球化进程中获益相对较多的国家或社会群体,将成为全球化的坚定支持者,从而推动进一步的开放。反之,那些因全球化而受损的国家和群体,很可能成为全球化的反对力量。尽管如此,赢家与输家的分野并非一成不变。如果各国政府能够以行之有效的政策手段来调和赢家与输家之间的分歧和对抗,那么全球化面临的反对力量就有可能被转化为动力。     

铁弗匈奴的族源、族称及其流散

铁弗匈奴是南匈奴去卑一支之后裔,因故逃归塞外之后,与迁居匈奴故地的鲜卑混居杂处而形成的一个新族体。其族称＂铁弗＂始于刘虎,源于北人谓＂胡父鲜卑母＂为＂铁弗＂。史书中有时称其为＂乌丸（桓）＂,是因拓跋魏将诸方杂人来附者谓之＂乌丸＂,至于与屠各之关系则是刘渊族源的衍生问题。夏政权灭亡之后,铁弗匈奴流散情况主要有三种：一是归入北魏;二是融入吐谷浑;三是继续保持＂刘＂姓活动在朔方地区。     

“场域-惯习”视角下的水电移民长期补偿安置方式

借鉴布迪厄的场域-惯习理论,从移民安置的场域、资本、惯习及其相互之间的作用出发,构建水电移民安置方式分析框架。应用该分析框架对水电移民长期补偿安置方式实施的原因、存在的风险和可能的变化进行社会学解读。