关于现代大学教育的几点思考

所谓现代大学就是指在经济全球化、以及教育、文化全球化的背景下的大学以及大学教育。经济以及教育、文化的全球化,不仅对一个国家的经济和教育、文化提出了严峻的挑战,而且对大学教育提出了严峻的挑战。大学教育的核心是对学生的教育,在全球化以及由此形成的竞争环境下,大学生存和发展的主要标志之一就是大学培养出来的毕业生在市场当中的竞争力。我们结合我国高等教育的实际,对现代大学教育在培养学生方面的几个观念问题进行了思考。     

Comprehensive needs assessment as basis for equitable distribution of nutrition education and training services

The purpose of this article is to describe the attempts of the Nutrition Education and Training Program to provide equitable services to its target populations. The article stresses the effectiveness of a comprehensive needs assessment in identifying the need for program services relative to the characteristics of target populations, setting priorities for service delivery. Equitable distribution of program services is tied to the needs assessment methodology.     

种粮大户融资需求意愿及需求量的差异分析

以黑龙江省510户种粮大户实地调研数据为例,对不同规模种粮大户的融资需求意愿及融资需求量进行实证分析。结果表明,种粮大户的融资需求随着种植面积的增加呈递增趋势,但不同规模种粮大户之间差异明显;不同规模种粮大户在借贷金额、借贷期限、借贷利率上存在一定差异,但在借贷用途和融资渠道选择上并没有表现出明显差异。进一步分析总样本和不同规模组种粮大户融资需求意愿及融资需求量的影响发现,总体上,户主技能、家庭收入、土地规模、信贷政策了解程度及地区变量对种粮大户融资需求意愿有显著影响,年龄、户主技能、家庭收入、土地规模及信贷政策了解程度是影响种粮大户融资需求量的主要因素;但从不同分组角度看,种粮大户的融资需求意愿及融资需求量的影响存在一定差异。     

0-3 岁托育需求影响因素研究：基于对市场与政府的期望

2016年的全面二孩政策实施效果不及预期,我国的低生育水平难以改善。生育率的高低与生育意愿息息相关,随着三孩政策的出台,幼儿的托育困境作为制约广大群众生育意愿的重要因素亟需得到关注。运用武汉市3岁以下婴幼儿父母问卷调查数据,构建二元Logit模型研究群众因素、市场因素和政府因素与家庭托育需求之间的关系。研究发现:家庭结构、家庭收入、孩子年龄、影响工作程度,母亲受教育程度,托育市场的经济性、便利性和质量以及政府的政策支持会显著影响家庭的托育需求。基于实证结果,提出政策建议:推动托育服务供给主体多元化,促进托育服务规范化发展,发展普惠性公共托育服务,提升托育服务便利性,增强家庭抚育能力。     

融合幼儿园普特幼儿同伴接纳的调查研究

融合幼儿园中普通幼儿与特殊幼儿间的相互接纳是衡量融合质量的重要因素。为了解融合幼儿园中幼儿同伴接纳现状,解决实际融合中存在的问题,采用融合园中幼儿同伴接纳量表和同伴提名法,在两所融合幼儿园随机整群抽取125名幼儿进行调查研究。结果显示：普通幼儿对特殊幼儿的同伴接纳处于中等偏上水平,且行为接纳高于情感接纳,特殊幼儿对普通幼儿的同伴接纳高于普通幼儿对特殊幼儿的接纳;通过特殊幼儿所属同伴接纳类型可知其在班级同伴关系中处于中等偏下地位,特殊幼儿对普通幼儿的接纳与班级中同伴关系相一致;小班普通幼儿对特殊幼儿的接纳度优于中班,不同性别普通幼儿在同伴接纳上无显著差异,受欢迎型的普通幼儿在同伴接纳上优于其他同伴类型的幼儿。     

Failure to Address African Americans’ Spiritual Needs During Hospitalization: Identifying Predictors of Dissatisfaction Across the Arc of Service Provision

Using a national sample of recently hospitalized older African Americans (N = 2,227), this study identified predictors of dissatisfaction with the manner in which clients’ spiritual needs were addressed during hospitalization. Of 8 major areas of service provision examined, 3 were significant predictors of dissatisfaction: nurses, physicians, and the discharge process. The findings underscore the importance of collaborative efforts to address elderly Black clients’ spiritual needs. Social workers, who frequently oversee the discharge process, can play an important role in addressing African Americans’ spiritual needs by developing discharge plans that incorporate clients’ spiritual strengths and resources into the planning process.     

The Perceptions and Needs of Farm Dwellers Regarding Aging,Advanced Age,and Future Perspectives

Abstract

This article reports on a multidisciplinary study that was undertaken by the Faculty of Health Sciences of the Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education. This study was done on certain farms in the North West Province of South Africa and called the FLAGH study, meaning the Farm Labour, Agriculture and General Health study. This article reports on a need assessment of farm dwellers done during the second half of 2002 and focuses specifically on perceptions and needs regarding aging, advanced age and future perspectives of aged farm dwellers.

The objective of this study was to ascertain the psychosocial needs and problems of farm dwellers in order to eventually design, implement and evaluate a programme aimed at the improvement of the quality of life of farm dwellers. An exploratory study was done, utilising in-depth interviewing according to a schedule of both quantitative and qualitative nature. Certain aspects, like the attitude of the community towards the elderly, relationships of the elderly with peers, children, grandchildren and spouses were dealt with in this study. Topics like the needs or problems of the elderly, nearing death, old age homes and retirement were also covered in this project.     

基于马斯洛需求层次论的商务英语专业教育和职业教育分析

改革开放以来,我国与世界各国在经济、社会、文化、科研、军事等各个领域的商务交流日益频繁。国家与国家之间的交往通常是商务往来,因此,商务英语作为一种必要的交流工具备受关注。文章基于马斯洛需求层次论对商务英语专业教育和职业教育进行了分析。     

由蒐狝为务到崇儒之美:契丹大族社会性格转变述论

契丹本是起于松漠的风气刚劲的游牧民族,自初始有礼文之事至辽景宗和圣宗时表现出崇儒的社会性格,以契丹占据燕云、制定尊孔崇儒文教政策始,后由辽朝诸帝提倡而渐次影响统治群体。这种变化的产生主要有三方面原因:第一,契丹占据燕云后,为保证数量众多的汉人对契丹统治合法性的支持进而取得社会资源的支配,必然需要考虑汉人的心理,尊重汉人的文化;第二,契丹大族积极学习汉文化以增强文化心理认同,以更好地借助儒家意识形态强调辽朝承天应命的正统性;第三,这是辽朝世选制度下契丹大族内部政治资源竞争因时而变的实际需要。多种因素的综合作用,使契丹大族的社会性格出现了由蒐狝为务向崇儒之美的转变。     

企业对高职毕业生英语能力的需求及其启示——基于197家机械装备制造类企业的问卷调查

采用问卷调查和深度访谈的研究方法,基于197家企业的调查表明：企业虽然对高职英语专业的毕业生需求较少,但对高职毕业生专业＋英语复合型人才需求日增;需要高职毕业生熟练处理各种涉外情境;在工作过程中具备一定的英语听说读写等交际和业务能力。基于此,高职院校应大力深化英语教学改革,明确基于岗位的英语能力培养思路,构建和完善高职英语课程体系,力求教学内容与毕业生职业及社会需求相衔接,注重在英语教学中培养学生的综合素质。