Effect of family structure on life satisfaction: australian evidence

How do family arrangements affect subjective well-being? We investigate this issue using data pooled from the IsssA and HILDA, both large, representative national samples of Australia (pooled n=38 447). Our regression analysis of cross-sectional and panel data examines how large are the differences in life satisfaction according to marital status and cohabitation. We find that women and men in formal marriages experience higher levels of life satisfaction than do people in other family arrangements. Moreover, both multiple tests in the cross-section, and tests controlling for prior happiness in the panel analysis, suggest that this is a causal relationship. Aggregating up the levels of life satisfaction generated by different marriage and cohabitation arrangements across a lifetime, suggests that a life-long marriage is the most satisfying. Early divorce followed by an enduring second marriage is little worse (because little time is spent outside the married state). But divorce without remarriage, or long lasting cohabitation without formal marriage, reduce the lifetime sum of subjective well-being by 4–12% for both women and men.     

对新《婚姻法》离婚条件的评论

《婚姻法》修改后 ,离婚的条件和标准较前更明确、规范 ,具有更好的实践操作性 ,显示了其突出的进步 ,但并未形成历史性的突破。实际上 ,更主要的表现为对原有法律规定和司法解释的完善 ,社会生活实践的客观要求和学术理论界的研究成果并未能在立法上得到充分体现。现行《婚姻法》关于登记离婚和诉讼离婚条件的规定 ,较前《婚姻法》的规定有很大进步 ,但仍存在一些不足与缺陷。     

汉熹平石经历代变迁考

汉石经又称熹平石经,刊成后曾被董卓之乱及永嘉之乱战火殃及,冯熙、常伯夫任职洛州期间又将其毁弃分用,此后曾被委于榛莽;复经由洛阳迁至邺,又由邺迁回洛阳,再由洛阳移至长安三次搬动。黄初补其缺坏,北魏崔光曾修复之议,北齐时又被施列学馆,然至唐魏征收集时,石经已十不存一。唐宋时期曾有少量残石出土,民国时期数百方残石出土后散于公私之手,而建国后发掘和征集的残石近千块。     

Property Loss Estimation for Wind and Earthquake Perils

This article describes the development of a generic loss assessment methodology, which is applicable to earthquake and windstorm perils worldwide. The latest information regarding hazard estimation is first integrated with the parameters that best describe the intensity of the action of both windstorms and earthquakes on building structures, for events with defined average return periods or recurrence intervals. The subsequent evaluation of building vulnerability (damageability) under the action of both earthquake and windstorm loadings utilizes information on damage and loss from past events, along with an assessment of the key building properties (including age and quality of design and construction), to assess information about the ability of buildings to withstand such loadings and hence to assign a building type to the particular risk or portfolio of risks. This predicted damage information is then translated into risk-specific mathematical vulnerability functions, which enable numerical evaluation of the probability of building damage arising at various defined levels. By assigning cost factors to the defined damage levels, the associated computation of total loss at a given level of hazard may be achieved. This developed methodology is universal in the sense that it may be applied successfully to buildings situated in a variety of earthquake and windstorm environments, ranging from very low to extreme levels of hazard. As a loss prediction tool, it enables accurate estimation of losses from potential scenario events linked to defined return periods and, hence, can greatly assist risk assessment and planning.     

Analysis of Pre and Posttest Gender Differences in Family Satisfaction of Divorce Mediation Couples

To determine if divorcing spouses experience the family reorganization process through mediation differently, we tested divorcing couples before and after child custody/visitatior mediation, using the Family Satisfaction scale. The pretest family satisfaction scores of husbands as a group were significantly lower than those of the wives (p = .004), but significantly improved after mediation (p = .005). The family satisfaction of wives as a group did not change. Within-couple differences in family satisfaction did not change for either spousal group before and after mediation, an indication that an improvement in the family satisfaction of the husband is not necessarily at the expense of the wife.     

涉外离婚准据法选择方法的发展新趋势及启示

自20世纪后半叶以来,为了解决旧的学说存在的缺陷问题,涉外离婚的准据法选择方面出现了一些新的趋势:适用有利于实现离婚的法律、引入“最密切联系原则”、引入“意思自治原则”。这些新的发展趋势对确立我国涉外离婚的准据法具有非常重要的借鉴作用。     

空间碎片引发的环境法律问题及解决

空间碎片对空间环境的损害日趋严重,碎片总数不断增加造成的空间拥挤可能会使地球轨道的部分区域不再具有可利用性,可能导致对功能性空间物体和宇航员造成程度不同的损害,地面安全也会受到威胁,由此也成为国际社会、特别是国际法学界关注的问题。但是目前对空间碎片的内涵界定仍有分歧,而且现行国际条约在空间碎片引发的外层空间环境问题方面的规制主要散见于有关的五个国际条约,既缺乏系统性,也不够全面深入,为此需要各国政府共同努力,在国际法和国内法层面采取积极有效行动以解决这一问题。     

Postdivorce Father‐Adolescent Closeness

Research indicates that closeness of the father‐child bond following parental divorce is associated with better outcomes for children and adolescents. Unlike other investigations, this study takes a long‐term developmental approach to understanding stability and change in postdivorce father‐adolescent relationship closeness. Drawing on Add Health data (n = 483), we examine factors that explain (a) why some high‐quality father‐adolescent relationships remain the same after divorce whereas others decline, and (b) why some low‐quality relationships are stable following divorce whereas others improve. High mother‐offspring relationship quality and offspring feelings of well‐being prevented close father‐offspring relationships from deteriorating. Offspring’s childbearing and cohabitation following parental divorce increase closeness in father‐offspring relationships that were not close prior to divorce. Although a majority of offspring experienced a decline in closeness following divorce, results from this study show that some very close father‐offspring relationships are maintained and some poor relationships become closer.     

论大规模侵权损害救济模式的构建

近些年,我国大规模侵权事件频发,研究大规模侵权理论,特别是大规模侵权损害救济模式,对建设和谐社会具有重要借鉴意义。大规模侵权损害的救济具有一定的社会现实基础,在此基础上可以构建大规模侵权损害救济模式,即以政府服务为主导,综合运用以侵权人赔偿为基础、责任保险为主力、救济基金为保障的多位一体救济模式,用多元化的思维和举措保障受害人获得救济,从而助力和谐社会建设。     

城镇化进程中被征地农民的权益损害与征地纠纷——基于全国31省被征地农户的调查

随着我国城镇化进程进入加速发展期,农民权益受损、征地纠纷日益突出。合理测算农民权益受损的程度、征地纠纷的影响因素,对我国土地征用制度改革具有重要意义。根据全国31省(区、市)91村638户被征地农户的调查数据,借助多元线性回归,分析征地纠纷的影响因素,研究结果表明:征地过程中农民的知情权、参与权、处置权、收益权和社会保障权受损严重;农民个体特征和农户家庭特征对征地纠纷没有显著影响,农民权益是征地纠纷全面而充分的影响因素。因此,在构建被征地农民权益保障体系和改革征地制度时,要从影响征地纠纷的农民权益因素着手,尊重农民的意愿,保障农民的权利,尽可能减少纠纷现象的发生。