Child custody issues and co‐occurrence of intimate partner violence and child maltreatment: controversies and points of agreement amongst practitioners

The situation of families undergoing separation in a context of co‐occurrence of intimate partner violence (IPV) and child maltreatment raises certain issues related to child custody. The results presented in this paper were collected and analysed within the framework of a qualitative study aiming to identify the principal points of agreement and the main controversies amongst practitioners in several different types of organizations. Focus groups were held with a total of 43 practitioners from six different settings concerned with child custody in cases of co‐occurrence of IPV and child maltreatment. Although they agreed on the importance of ensuring the safety of victims of violence, their views diverged on three points: (1) the importance of preserving the father–child relationship; (2) collaboration between voluntary organizations and semi‐voluntary or legal agencies; and (3) consideration of cultural differences.     

后新时期国内新闻舆论监督研究述评

从舆论监督的难点、隐性采访与新闻舆论监督、新闻舆论监督与反腐败、新闻舆论监督与新闻官司 ,以及加强新闻舆论监督的途径等五个方面 ,对后新时期新闻舆论监督研究的现状进行描述 ;从操作设计与理论探讨、内部分析与外部研究、取向多元与学科建构三个维面 ,对后新时期国内新闻舆论监督研究中的存在问题进行检讨 ;对新世纪的新闻舆论监督研究方向提出建设性思考     

Fatherhood regimes and father involvement in France and the UK

This paper contrasts and compares the institutional framework for fatherhood and father involvement and the survey evidence relating to fathers’ contribution to childcare and domestic work in the two countries. It shows that while men's contribution to such activities appears to be increasing in both France and the UK, change is slow and father involvement does not necessarily seem to correlate directly either with patterns of female labour force participation or with the support offered by the institutional framework. The authors explore the theoretical frameworks most appropriate for explaining their findings and situate them primarily in terms of Pfau-Effinger's theorization of the gender arrangement (1998, 2002, 2004). The authors conclude that while change in father involvement is slow, the introduction of statutory and organizational work–life balance measures which alter the gender order open up opportunities for negotiated change in the division of the labour in the home.     

Women’s Employment Status,Coercive Control,and Intimate Partner Violence in Mexico

Findings from previous studies examining the relation between women’s employment and the risk of intimate partner violence have been mixed. Some studies find greater violence toward women who are employed, whereas others find the opposite relation or no relation at all. I propose a new framework in which a woman’s employment status and her risk of violent victimization are both influenced by the level of control exercised by her partner. Controlling men will actively prevent women from working and are also more likely to physically harm their partners. Using a statistical model in which the effect of omitted characteristics on women’s employment and their risk of violence are allowed to be correlated reverses the estimated association between employment and violence. The final results show that employment reduces women’s risk of violence. Data for the study are drawn from a sample of over 30,000 Mexican women in intimate relationships. The findings have broad implications given the increase in female labor force participation in many parts of the world.     

Consumer-Phase Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis Risk Assessment for Egg-Containing Food Products

We describe a one-dimensional probabilistic model of the role of domestic food handling behaviors on salmonellosis risk associated with the consumption of eggs and egg-containing foods. Six categories of egg-containing foods were defined based on the amount of egg contained in the food, whether eggs are pooled, and the degree of cooking practiced by consumers. We used bootstrap simulation to quantify uncertainty in risk estimates due to sampling error, and sensitivity analysis to identify key sources of variability and uncertainty in the model. Because of typical model characteristics such as nonlinearity, interaction between inputs, thresholds, and saturation points, Sobol's method, a novel sensitivity analysis approach, was used to identify key sources of variability. Based on the mean probability of illness, examples of foods from the food categories ranked from most to least risk of illness were: (1) home-made salad dressings/ice cream; (2) fried eggs/boiled eggs; (3) omelettes; and (4) baked foods/breads. For food categories that may include uncooked eggs (e.g., home-made salad dressings/ice cream), consumer handling conditions such as storage time and temperature after food preparation were the key sources of variability. In contrast, for food categories associated with undercooked eggs (e.g., fried/soft-boiled eggs), the initial level of Salmonella contamination and the log10 reduction due to cooking were the key sources of variability. Important sources of uncertainty varied with both the risk percentile and the food category under consideration. This work adds to previous risk assessments focused on egg production and storage practices, and provides a science-based approach to inform consumer risk communications regarding safe egg handling practices.     

对扩大内需新内涵的理解

2004年底中央经济会议提出,2005年中国经济要想健康、快速发展就必须将扩大内需的重点从投资转向消费。而当前制约中国消费市场的是城乡两方面都消费不足,特别是农民消费不足更加突出。如何解决,本文从城乡二元经济入手谈一些看法。     

安养乡村、乐享田园: 养老型乡村旅游地新机遇—基于养老旅游、乡村旅游与生态旅游的融合发展

从优势性、可行性、影响因素、特征特点、存在问题与对策建议等方面对城市老人到农村休闲健康养老的国内外文献进行了梳理。研究结果表明,国内外现有文献存在着研究区域欠界定、研究主体不全面、研究内容不深入、研究方法需创新等问题。基于这些问题,对未来城市老人到农村休闲健康养老的相关研究领域进行了展望。     

“双反调查”的法律和案例分析及其启示

随着中国在世界贸易体制中作用的日益重要,美国和欧盟等贸易体改变了以往不对非市场经济国家采取反补贴调查的习惯做法,对中国产品征收了反倾销税和反补贴税,中国也相应对外国产品进行“双反调查”。通过对近期案例的分析,争议点集中在国内补贴是否降低了产品价格的问题上。即便中国在WTO败诉,仍然可以通过由调查机构证明不存在双重计算的举证责任分配方式来维护自身的利益。     

利益相关者视角下罗马尼亚劳动关系发展研究

罗马尼亚是国际利益相关者对劳动者权利产生负面影响的典型例子。体制转型后的罗马尼亚劳动关系的发展可大致分为三个阶段：第一阶段是20世纪90年代至2003年,在此阶段工会拥有较强的战斗力,且由于政府与国际组织之间不稳定的关系使得工会影响力相对较大;第二阶段是2003年至金融危机初期（2009年）,2003年通过的《劳动法》（2003年）遭到国际组织和雇主协会的强烈反对,2005年政府与国际组织试图对《劳动法》（2003年）进行修订,工会却成功阻止改革;第三阶段是金融危机期间及之后（2009年之后）,工会力量大大削减,特别是《劳动法》（2011年）和《社会对话法》（2011年）出台之后,工会和工人遭受了前所未有的损失。

     

构建WTO框架下国内农业支持体系

在新一轮农业谈判开始之际 ,日本、欧盟、美国等发达国家在调整国内农业政策过程中很相似的一点就是扩大“绿箱”政策范围 ,改变农业保护方式。中国已经加入WTO ,与发达国家相比 ,中国对农业的国内支持力度远远不够 ,为了减少加入WTO后的负面影响 ,参照WTO关于国内农业支持的规则 ,积极采取措施加强对农业支持的力度应该受到重视。