大学教育主体的双误与出路

正常的大学教育,体现为作为主体的教师和学生的双向良性互动。然而,现实的状况是互动的双方本应有的质素缺失,一定程度上导致了大学教育人才培养质量的滑坡和教育资源的一定程度的浪费。要改变如此现状,需要大学的各管理层、教师、学生解放思想、更新观念,共同营造大学健康的育人环境。     

劳动者素质技能提高对异化劳动的创造性毁灭

否定之否定规律是世界联系和发展的基本规律,它从总体上揭示了事物发展的辩证过程。然而,在异化劳动对其自身的否定过程中,劳动者有意识、有目的提高自身素质技能的活动积极,能动地推进了异化劳动的发展与消亡,使其不再仅仅表现为一种自然过程。其中,科技劳动与教育劳动是提高劳动者素质技能的主要方式。     

Modeling sensitivity and specificity with a time-varying reference standard within a longitudinal setting

Diagnostic tests are used in a wide range of behavioral, medical, psychosocial, and healthcare-related research. Test sensitivity and specificity are the most popular measures of accuracy for diagnostic tests. Available methods for analyzing longitudinal study designs assume fixed gold or reference standards and as such do not apply to studies with dynamically changing reference standards, which are especially popular in psychosocial research. In this article, we develop a novel approach to address missing data and other related issues for modeling sensitivity and specificity within such a time-varying reference standard setting. The approach is illustrated with real as well as simulated data.     

双重否定:否定之否定

不能简单地认为双重否定是包含两个否定成分且表达肯定意义的格式。双重否定在句法上必须是一个否定管辖另一个否定的形式。一些看似没有直接管辖关系的格式通过深层的逻辑变换或语义等级变换可以实现直接管辖。前、后分句各自包含一个否定成分的条件复句不是双重否定。     

高校实施双学位教育SWOT分析——以辽宁工程技术大学为个案

为了分析目前中国双学位教育的现状及问题,以辽宁工程技术大学为个案,应用SWOT分析理论分析了实施双学位教育的优势、劣势、机会与威胁。结果表明：在进行双学位教育过程中,应充分发挥学校的品牌特色,专业设置特色和人才培养模式优势。尽量完善课程设置,提高教师队伍水平,加强双学位管理的内部监控机制,抓住政府政策机制,克服学校内部存在的不足,为推动双学位教育的发展做出有益的探索和贡献。     

基于报童模型的两级供应链回购契约协调研究

研究具有单一供应商和单一销售商的供应链系统回购契约协调机制。分析了报童模型下两级供应链双边际化效应,建立了基于报童模型的分散式系统、集中式系统的供应商、销售商利润模型,讨论了如何通过回购契约来消除"双边际化效应"。结果表明:回购契约的采用使批发价格比不采用契约时的批发价格低,且使订货量增加,从而使供应链的总利润增加,并且减少了缺货带来的损失,同时更好的满足了顾客需要。最终实现了独立个体最优决策与系统最优决策一致化的供应链协调。     

对未成年犯罪人能否判处无期徒刑

在现有刑法体系下,根据有关规定可以推导出对未成年犯罪人判处无期徒刑是完全可行的,也是逻辑上的合理结果。从而,无期徒刑在事实上可以适用于未成年犯罪人。适用刑法第四十九条的规定对未成年犯罪人不判处死刑本身就是对未成年犯罪人从宽处罚精神的体现,与刑法第十七条第三款的立法精神并不矛盾。如果在适用第四十九条的基础上再根据第十七条第三款来处罚,就会违反“禁止重复评价”的原则。现行刑法第四十九条和第十七条第三款相互限制、联系、区别,从最终结果看,二者中只会有一条被适用,不会也不应出现同时被适用的情形。     

从二元性到二重性的飞跃——对吉登斯《社会学方法的新规则》的解读

探寻吉登斯从二元性到二重性飞跃的轨迹对当前社会科学研究具有重要意义。首先,从本体论出发对社会科学所面对的世界予以澄清,接着就此世界中的关键要素——行动与结构进行重新界定,并在此基础上揭示了新型的社会生产与再生产逻辑。最后,提出双重解释学来应对社会的复杂性,以及现实生活与专业性世界的交互性。     

Uncertainty Aversion Vs. Competence: An Experimental Market Study

Heath and Tversky (1991, Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 4:5–28) posed that reaction to ambiguity is driven by perceived competence. Competence effects may be inconsistent with ambiguity aversion if betting on own judgement is preferred to betting on a chance event, because judgemental probabilities are more ambiguous than chance events. This laboratory experiment analyses whether ambiguity affects prices and volumes in a double auction market, and contrasts ambiguity aversion to competence effects. In order to test for the presence of competence effects, in the experiment uncertainty is tied to the realisation of events about which the decision maker is more or less knowledgeable. Two experiments are presented: in the first, knowledge is exogenous, whereas in the second the knowledge judgement is endogenous. Market prices provide evidence in favour of the competence hypothesis only when competence is self-assessed. Comparable volumes are observed in both experiments.      

A Bounded Derivative Model for Prior Ignorance about a Real-valued Parameter

A new method is proposed for drawing coherent statistical inferences about a real-valued parameter in problems where there is little or no prior information. Prior ignorance about the parameter is modelled by the set of all continuous probability density functions for which the derivative of the log-density is bounded by a positive constant. This set is translation-invariant, it contains density functions with a wide variety of shapes and tail behaviour, and it generates prior probabilities that are highly imprecise. Statistical inferences can be calculated by solving a simple type of optimal control problem whose general solution is characterized. Detailed results are given for the problems of calculating posterior upper and lower means, variances, distribution functions and probabilities of intervals. In general, posterior upper and lower expectations are achieved by prior density functions that are piecewise exponential. The results are illustrated by normal and binomial examples