具有高投标成本的多属性逆向拍卖博弈模型

越来越多像GE这样的大型企业在利用多属性逆向拍卖选择新的供应商采购产品时,通常会设定较高的固定投标成本。针对此情况,建立了三阶段的非合作博弈模型,并利用求解子博弈纳什均衡策略的方法,推导出了供应商的最优投标价格。并得到以下两个主要结论:一是供应商的最优投标策略是按照生产产品真实的质量和交货期进行投标,且投标价格为最优投标价格;二是采购商的最优策略是选择投标价格最高的供应商作为拍卖获胜者,这一违反直觉的结论。这是合理的,因为投标价格最高的供应商也是类型最优的供应商,也即投标质量和投标交货期组合最优的供应商。最后,利用数值实验验证了模型的有效性,并显示出设定相对较高的固定投标成本对采购商来说是有利的。     

双边道德风险下中小节能服务企业与银行关系契约模型

基于合同能源管理机制运作的节能服务产业快速发展,产生了可观的节能效益,体现出巨大的市场需求和发展潜力。然而,我国的节能服务企业大多为自负盈亏的中小服务企业而难以获得银行贷款。基于此,本文从中小节能服务企业与银行的长期重复借贷合作关系出发,针对节能服务企业贷款过程中所存在的双边道德风险问题,引入银行贷款额度不足带来的潜在收益分享系数以设计激励机制,建立了中小节能服务企业与银行双边道德风险下长期关系契约规划模型,分析了银企关系契约下贴现因子的影响。本文的研究结果论证了银行与中小节能服务企业建立长期关系契约的可行性,银行应通过关系契约与中小节能服务企业建立长期合作关系,基于服务企业承诺的激励机制将有效提高节能服务企业服务效益,进而增加自身的投资效益,实现银企的双赢。     

人才和智力资源转化为现实生产力的实现途径新探——以江苏省金坛市为例

构筑区域竞争力新优势关键在于将人才和智力资源转化为现实生产力。金坛市针对经济社会发展中人才供求矛盾,从创造有利于人才成长与发展的环境入手,以舆论导向和组织推进为动力,广泛招贤纳才;以人才和智力资源优化配置为基点,强化特色技能培训促创业带就业;以发挥领军型人才作用,进一步提升整体人才队伍的创新能力;以人力资本优先积累为发展目标,建立与产业升级相适应的人才分布新格局,通过人才优势赢得经济社会发展领先。     

基于价格保护策略的渠道协调

针对当今产品生命周期缩短、用户需求不确定性增强、产品价值急剧下跌的市场竞争环境,分析了实现渠道协调的价格保护策略,给出了基于单次订购二阶段价格保护额度最优策略动态模型.研究表明,通过设置合理的批发价格和价格保护补偿额度,能够导致优化的零售商订购数量,并进一步证明,该策略可以优化渠道联盟的总体绩效,而且渠道成员可以达到双赢的目的,从而实现渠道协调.     

存在荣誉效用的等级竞赛机制分析

针对存在荣誉效用的等级竞赛,研究在等级数已定的条件下,以总努力最大化为目标的竞赛设计者如何设置竞赛人数和各等级人数的问题。通过分析荣誉效用由于相邻等级容量调整所引起的变化对总努力的影响,得到结论：无论能力分布如何,将最高等级容量设置得很小,对竞赛设计者而言,是更合理的选择;当竞赛者的能力分布为凹函数时,将中低等级的容量设置得相对较大更合理;当能力分布为凸函数时,将中高等级的容量设置得相对较小更合理。     

Motivations for self-assembling into project teams

This study investigates the self-assembly mechanisms of ad hoc project teams using a bipartite network perspective. Individuals and projects are modeled as two types of nodes and team membership as relations between them. This approach enables us to investigate factors that impact voluntary team assembly at the individual, dyadic, and team levels simultaneously. Using Exponential Random Graph Models (ERGM/p*), we study players’ combat teams in a Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game (MMORPG) as a case of self-assembled project teams. Empirical results show that individuals are motivated to join ad hoc teams to complete difficult projects but not projects with long durations. We also found that individuals tend to collaborate with specific teammates who have complementary skills, those who have similar age or skill level, and those who are affiliated with the same organizational entity.     

A Note on Logistic Regression and Odds Ratios

Abstract

Observed seat belt use on a private university campus was compared with use by the general population of the state in which the university is located. It was expected, given the higher educational level and socioeconomic status of the university population, that seat belt use would be higher than it is for the general population. The results of the study indicated that seat belt use by members of the university community was actually significantly lower than that reported statewide. The statistically significant difference was even greater for front-seat passengers than for drivers on campus.     

Walking the Tightrope: Developing a Systems Approach to Balance Safety and Mobility for an Aging Society

In an aging population, safety and mobility are often viewed as being in conflict, when in fact they are two values that must be reflected equally in transportation policy. The challenge for policy makers and for society is to emphasize and optimize both. To achieve this, a comprehensive systems approach to driver health, personal decision-making and planning, community and transportation systems construction, vehicle design, and licensing regulations is needed. Such an approach requires crafting policies based on conceptualizing the issue as a continuum of resources facilitating safety and mobility regardless of driving status. The discussion that follows reviews components of the issue and suggestions for developing a comprehensive approach.     

基于KAYA模型的青岛市碳排放及驱动因素分析

本文运用KAYA模型,对青岛市碳排放及其驱动因素进行了实证研究。研究发现,2001-2010年青岛市碳排放总量持续增加,碳生产力不断提高,以煤炭、石油为主的高碳经济发展模式仍然没有根本改观。青岛市人口数量、经济发展、单位能耗碳排放的增长导致碳排放量的增加,单位GDP能源强度的提高在一定程度上降低了碳排放量。四个影响因素中,经济发展和单位GDP能源强度是影响青岛市碳排放的主要因素。根据实证结果,青岛市应以调整经济结构和能源利用结构为重点,通过低碳技术创新和机制创新,实现低碳经济的发展目标。     

培育社会资本:全媒体时代电视媒体提升 核心竞争力的必然选择

在全媒体时代,电视媒体要提升核心竞争力必须注重社会资本投资,社会资本存量有助于提升电视媒体社会公信力和资源获取能力,并规范市场行为。面对各类新媒体的挑战,我国电视媒体的社会资本存量普遍不高,当下必须积极通过制度完善、管理创新、宣传推广和依靠社会组织等途径,不断促进电视媒体社会资本存量的提升。