Self‐Esteem,the Fear of Crime,and the Decision to Protect Oneself From Victimization

This research extends prior work that examines self‐esteem as an outcome of protective behaviors against crime victimization by focusing instead on the moderating influence of self‐esteem on the relationship between the fear of crime and the decision to protect oneself from victimization. The fear of crime is conceptualized as two separate components (fear of victimization and perceived risk) in accordance with prior work. Self‐esteem is conceptualized as three separate components (worth, efficacy, and authenticity), and measured with a recently designed instrument for capturing each aspect of self‐esteem separately. Data are collected through surveys of a population at high risk for victimization (undergraduate college students). Logistic regression analyses demonstrate that self‐esteem does play a role for deciding whether to engage in protective behaviors, and that the specific components of self‐esteem moderate defensive behavioral outcomes differently. Specifically, the self‐worth, self‐efficacy, and authenticity components of self‐esteem influence the decision to carry protection, but not the decision to take a self‐defense class. Implications for both the fear of crime and self‐esteem literatures are addressed.     

Mentoring Siblings of Gang Members: A Template for Reaching Families of Gang Members?

Mentoring has become a popular model of intervention to reduce the risk of offending, and has been proposed as an effective tool to tackle the risk of gang membership. This paper reviews the existing literature on mentoring and reports on a qualitative evaluation of a mentoring programme targeted at young people ‘at risk’ of gang membership in an English city. The study highlights important issues around these interventions. Although we found it a useful way to engage otherwise hard‐to‐reach families, important limitations remain: their potential labelling impact and their limited impact in isolation from other more ambitious measures.     

Building,Engaging, and Sustaining a Continuum of Care From Harm Reduction to Recovery Support: The Rutgers Alcohol and Other Drug Assistance Program

Since 1983, the focus of the Rutgers Alcohol and Other Drug Assistance Program (ADAP) has been developing policies, training staff to identify students at risk, developing and implementing evidence-based screening and brief interventions, providing short-term counseling by professionals trained in alcohol and other drug abuse to assist students beyond brief interventions, identifying effective treatment for college students, developing a campus recovery program, on-campus recovery housing, and other supports for students in recovery. This article presents a case study of the Rutgers ADAP program, of building and sustaining a program committed to engaging students in both evidence-based risk reduction interventions and an on-campus recovery community given their stage of change and motivation to make changes. Historical milestones are described as part of a creative model for intervention. We identify the challenges of integrating substance abuse recovery into campus mental health programs, and of integrating recovery into other university communities.     

论聚众淫乱罪的刑事立法——以无被害人犯罪为研究视角

聚众淫乱罪属于无被害人犯罪的一种类型。我国刑法中聚众淫乱罪分为公然与秘密两种类型。从无被害人犯罪的角度,秘密的聚众淫乱行为入罪不具备法益侵害性、不符合刑法谦抑性、不符合社会需要和民意,应当除罪化。公然的聚众淫乱符合犯罪的本质,应当犯罪化。并且二人的公然淫乱也应当入罪。     

转型期女性犯罪原因探究

在社会体制的转型时期,女性犯罪急剧增长。这种现象的出现有着深刻的客观原因和主观原因。探究当前引发女性犯罪的诸多原因,对遏制女性犯罪具有重要意义。     

论职务过失犯罪中的决策过失责任

决策过失责任是具有决策权的国家工作人员,因过失决断或决定而造成严重危害结果并且违反刑法规范而应当承担的一种职务过失犯罪的责任类型。是根据国家工作人员在公务活动中的职务行为的形式确定的。决策过失责任与通常所说的决策失误有着根本的不同。决策失误是工作中的一般失误,只是过错行为,而非犯罪行为。同时,我们认定决策过失责任时还必须与政治决策失误、科学探索的决策失误等人类社会发展过程中一些不可避免的失误区别开来。决策过失责任形式在我国的刑事立法中有着一定的蕴涵和体现,但应当通过进一步的立法和司法解释加以完善。     

犯罪本质二元论新说

犯罪本质一元论把社会危害性作为犯罪的唯一本质特征,把应受刑罚惩罚性看做社会危害性和刑事违法性的当然结果,不仅使得犯罪三特征之间的逻辑关系存在矛盾,而且不能科学地解释犯罪与犯罪构成、犯罪与刑罚之间的关系。重新认识应受刑罚惩罚性的含义,把应受刑罚惩罚性作为犯罪的主观特征,把社会危害性作为犯罪的客观特征,即犯罪本质二元论,不仅使犯罪三特征之间的逻辑关系更加严密,而且能科学地解释犯罪、犯罪构成、刑罚等诸范畴之间的关系。     

刑法身份与身份犯之身份新论

刑法身份是指法律规定的,对定罪量刑具有影响的一定的个人要素或一定的单位附属条件.这里的"定罪"是指在确定对行为者适用刑法并追究其刑事责任或适用刑罚的前提下才予以考虑的确定具体罪名的司法活动或立法活动,有别于确定刑法适用范围、应当追究刑事责任的活动."量刑"指的是在定罪的前提下对行为者选择适用刑种和刑期,甚或包括免除刑罚的一种司法或立法活动.刑法身份具有法律事实特征、本质特征和刑法性特征,可以分为:自然人刑法身份与单位刑法身份,定罪刑法身份与量刑刑法身份,主体刑法身份与对象刑法身份,明文规定式刑法身份与暗含式刑法身份,积极刑法身份与消极刑法身份,自然刑法身份与法定刑法身份等.身份犯之身份,是指法律规定的行为者在行为时所具有的影响定罪量刑的个人要素或单位附属条件.其除具有刑法身份一般特征外,还具有犯罪主体依附性特征和时间性特征.     

论我国刑法中的主客观辩证统一关系

对立统一规律是唯物辩证法的基本规律 ,它在我国刑法中表现为主观与客观相统一的原理 ,具体体现在犯罪构成理论、共同犯罪理论和数罪并罚理论中