“双循环”格局下脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接的进路研究

实现脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接,应准确把握“双循环”新发展格局“空间重构基础上要素组合优化和区域高质量发展”的战略要义。从减贫规律认知升华、行为外嵌转向发展自觉、资源配置优化与延续效应发挥三个层面分析脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接行为的内在逻辑,厘清“双循环”新发展格局建设对于脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接工作的机遇与挑战。提出应着力做好发展规划统筹、体制政策健全完善、产业转型升级、相对贫困治理、全域生态宜居环境创建、新时代文明实践中心高质量建设、乡村治理体系与治理能力现代化协同推进、城乡融合发展等领域工作,推进脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接工作及其与“双循环”新发展格局建设的良性互动。     

双重城镇化率的演变过程、面临挑战与应对策略

当前衡量我国城镇化水平的指标有两个：一是户籍人口城镇化率;二是常住人口城镇化率。常住人口和户籍人口之间,横隔着庞大的农民工群体。双重城镇化率的存在,源于与资本原始积累相依存的城乡二元体制与要素价格剪刀差。通过该制度的设计,人为地降低工业化、城镇化的成本,以加快我国工业化、城镇化步伐。在农村劳动力供大于求的背景下,这种城镇化模式还有发展的空间,当农村劳动力供求出现“拐点”,这种城镇化模式就难以为继,客观上要求必须用“以人为本”的新型城镇化取代传统的城镇化。用户籍人口城镇化取代常住人口城镇化,是城镇化的必然趋势。我国对外来人口实行居住证制度,作为农民工市民化的过渡性措施,或作为提高户籍人口城镇化率的过渡性措施。但对于外来人口来说,其利益最大化的模式,是既保留农村户籍又持有城镇居住证。这就决定了双重城镇化率将存在很长时间。     

双循环新发展格局下中国双向直接投资研究

构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局,是对未来中国经济发展路径做出的重大战略部署,作为连接国内国际双循环的纽带,双向直接投资的发展战略和路径面临重塑和调整。研究认为,应当以推动新时代科技创新和产业升级为目标,提高双向直接投资的质量,畅通供应链和产业链; 以“一带一路”倡议为依托,通过更高水平的双向投资带动中国与沿线国家贸易水平的提高; 建设高水平自贸区和自贸港,提高对外开放标准,更高质量吸引外资,提升参与国际大循环的技术含量和自主性; 在畅通要素流动领域,建立更加完善的现代化物流体系,建设更高标准的要素流通市场体系,降低制度性交易费用,提高生产率和对高质量外资的吸引能力。     

Families,meals and synchronicity: eating together in British dual earner families

Based on a sample of British dual earner families with young children drawn from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey, the paper examines their food practices, in particular the conditions under which families are able to eat together or not during the working week. The concept of synchronicity is drawn upon to shed light on whether meals and meal times are coordinated in family life and the facilitators and constraints upon coordination. The paper suggests that whether families eat together is not only influenced by parents' work time schedules but also children's timetables relating to their age and bodily tempos, their childcare regimes, their extra-curricular activities and the problem of coordinating different food preferences and tastes.     

Recruiting,engaging, and educating social work leaders: an innovative curricular model

Graduate social work student interest in administration or management studies has been low in comparison to their interest in clinical practice. Recruiting graduate students to administration or management specializations in social work education remains a challenge for social work programs. Recognizing the need to attract and prepare MSW students for administration, various curriculum models have been proposed. This study presents a unique model that was designed specifically for social work students who wanted to become competent clinical practitioners, yet were also interested in macropractice. By marketing to, and recruiting, graduate students who have a passion for the dual (macro and micro) focus of social work, the administration specialization in this large, US-based urban graduate social work program has been able to attract over 120 additional students each year, comprising nearly 24% of the graduating class. This qualitative study examined students’ rationale for selecting this specialization, their experiences in the program and their suggestions for improvement. Implications for other graduate social work programs are highlighted.     

Behind the ethnic–civic distinction: Public attitudes towards immigrants’ political rights in the Netherlands

Public opinion research has sought to distinguish between ethnic and civic conceptions of citizenship and examined the differential associations of these conceptions with policy preferences in the realm of immigration. What has not been examined empirically is why exactly these conceptions are related to people’s preferences. In two survey studies conducted among national samples of native Dutch we tested the proposition that the endorsement of ethnic citizenship is related to lower acceptance of Muslim immigrant rights (Study 1) and their political participation (Study 2) because of a weaker normative sense of common national belonging and higher adherence to autochthony (primo-occupancy) beliefs. In contrast, the endorsement of civic citizenship was expected to be associated with higher acceptance of Muslim immigrant rights and their political participation because of a stronger sense of common belonging and lower belief in autochthony. The findings of the two studies are similar and in support of these expectations.     

富裕社会中贫困的消除：加尔布雷思的探究及启示

贫困表现为人的基本需要得不到满足,“富裕社会”中的贫困表现为私人生产、物质生产的过剩和公共生产、精神生产的不足。加尔布雷思认为,美国“富裕社会”中贫困的原因是不平衡的“二元经济体系”,只要实行“新社会主义”,实现“计划体系”和“市场体系”的平衡,就能解决“富裕”背后的贫困问题。由于这一设想是以不改变资本主义的经济基础为前提的,所以,只能是一种治标不治本的改良。只有扬弃经济学的“传统智慧”,建构以促进“每个人的自由发展”为目标的“全面生产”经济学,才能从根本上消除“富裕社会”中的贫困问题。     

牧地承包经营权转让意愿影响因素研究——基于农户劳动力配置视角

基于西部3省731户农(牧)户的实地调研数据,从农(牧)户劳动力配置视角分析了牧地承包经营权转让意愿的影响因素。研究结果表明:务牧人口数、近三年务牧消耗、务牧技能水平等对牧地承包经营权转出意愿有显著的负向影响;务工兼牧业人口数、务工技能水平和户均单位土地劳动投入对牧地承包经营权转出意愿有显著的正向影响;务工人口数、户主受教育程度等对牧地承包经营权转让意愿的影响不显著。     

Availability of Mental Health Services for Individuals Who Are Deaf or Deaf-Blind

A survey of state mental health agencies found that a majority have no specific policy or procedure regarding how to provide mental health services to persons who are deaf or who are deaf-blind. Agency representatives report that staff lack knowledge of how to provide mental health services to persons who are deaf-blind and the agencies lack qualified interpreters. They recommend training for social workers and counselors to address best practices in working with people who are deaf-blind concerning communication methods and strategies, physical interaction, cultural issues, everyday life, sensory deprivation, ethics, use of an interpreter, and other general issues.     

Occupational Sex Composition and Gendered Housework Performance: Compensation or Conventionality?

This article examines the association between occupational sex composition and housework, considering total housework time, time on male‐typed and female‐typed tasks, and the percent of total time spent on male and female tasks. Previous research examining male‐ and female‐typed chores independent of total housework suggests that couples compensate for gender‐atypical employment through gender‐typical housework performance, but this analysis of the National Survey of Families and Households (1992–1994) and the American Time Use Survey (2003–2013) demonstrates that assuming a quadratic association and failing to contextualize gendered housework performance within total housework performance obscures the true relationship between occupation and housework. In fact, women and men in gender‐atypical occupations perform a more gender‐atypical combination of chores. The influence of gender deviance neutralization in the housework literature may overshadow alternative explanations and model specifications. In particular, by assuming a quadratic association, researchers may impose, rather than test, gender deviance neutralization.