Labour Market Participation of French Women over the Life Cycle, 1935–1990

Employment histories with multiple spells and time varyingcovariates help identify determinants of labour markettransitions of women in France between 1935 and 1990. Higher educatedwomen were more likely to become inactive, but returned to work also moreeasily, especially when they added work experience. Being married,whether mother or not, induced a rearrangement of time betweenstaying at home and labour, in rendering exit from employment morelikely and return from inactivity to employment less likely. Exits from employment were lessfrequent for mothers of larger families, while return toemployment decreased with the total number of children, in spite of thegrowing financial needs of larger families. Transitions betweenemployment and inactivity increased with favourable economicconditions. However, involuntary exits from employment were moreprobable during economic downturns.     

Dynamic Choices of Hyperbolic Consumers

Laboratory and field studies of time preference find that discount rates are much greater in the short‐run than in the long‐run. Hyperbolic discount functions capture this property. This paper solves the decision problem of a hyperbolic consumer who faces stochastic income and a borrowing constraint. The paper uses the bounded variation calculus to derive the Hyperbolic Euler Relation, a natural generalization of the standard Exponential Euler Relation. The Hyperbolic Euler Relation implies that consumers act as if they have endogenous rates of time preference that rise and fall with the future marginal propensity to consume (e.g., discount rates that endogenously range from 5% to 41% for the example discussed in the paper).     

水处理剂ATMP测试方法探讨

现行测试ATMP活性组分方法有HG/T2841-1997(97版)和HG/T2841-2005(05本文结果05版标准操作简单,终点易判定,测试结果的精密度≥0.2%,规定了ATMP含量测试方法,有利于得到准确的检验结果。     

民事执行的理念更新和相关内容重塑

市场经济对主体独立性、权利性和主体间平等性的保护,要求民事执行改革进行理念更新:要树立私权优先理念,确保应用权利转变为实有权利;要树立公正理念,既要保护当事人权益的实体公正,更要倚重作为保障的正当、公开的程序公正;要树立效率理念,提高执行速度,节约执行成本,以执行穷尽的新观念裁定终结执行程序,追求公正与效率的最佳统一。这些理念,均要求对民事执行期限设定额外宽限期的现行规定加以坚决修正,并彻底实行最充分尊重当事人意愿并明确其承担后果的当事人主义。     

“有界时段”与“无界时段”

语言中的时间状语与动词之间的关系既是一个语法问题,也是一个认知问题。合乎语法正确的句子,不一定是合乎交际意义的句子。为此,通过分析"有界时段"(DTP:Defined Time Period)和"无界时段"(NTP:Non-defined Time Period),从认知角度讨论二者,即时间状语与动词之间的合理搭配问题。     

客户关系持续时间相关假设的实证研究

延长客户关系持续时间以获得更多利润是客户关系管理的目标之一。但在非契约情景下，支撑这一目标的相关假设受到Reinartz和Kumar的实证研究的挑战。在Reirmrtz和Kumar的研究框架的基础上，利用具有更明显关系市场特征的样本对客户关系持续时间相关假设进行实证研究，结果表明：（1）客户利润贡献额与客户关系时间只有较弱的正相关关系;（2）购买量、承受价格并未随客户关系时间延长而增长;（3）客户购买量越大其关系寿命越长;（4）购买时间间隔适中的客户其关系寿命最长;（5）退货率高的客户其关系寿命更长．     

含有违约风险的利率风险管理

旨在解决含有违约风险的利率风险管理问题,指出了在商业银行资产负债管理中含有违约风险债券利率风险管理问题研究的必要性,获得了违约风险债券久期的一般公式,建立了含有对违约风险的控制、平均绝对离差约束、平衡表其它相关约束以及目标约束等在内的商业银行利率风险管理的目标规划模型;并在给出数值实例的基础上,讨论了违约风险的存在对银行利率风险管理的影响.     

Effects of relationship duration,cohabitation, and marriage on the frequency of intercourse in couples: Findings from German panel data

Research into the changes in the frequency of sexual intercourse is (with few exceptions) limited to cross-sectional analyses of marital duration. We investigate the frequency of intercourse while taking into account relationship duration as well as the duration of cohabitation and marriage, effects of parenthood, and relationship quality. For the analysis we apply fixed effects regression models using data from the German Family Panel (pairfam), a nationwide randomly sampled German panel survey. Our findings imply that the drop in sex frequency occurs early in the relationship, whereas neither cohabitation nor marriage affects the frequency of intercourse to a significant extent. Sex frequency is reduced during pregnancy and as long as the couple has small children, but becomes revived later on. Relationship quality is found to play a role as well. These results are contrary to the honeymoon effect found in earlier research, but indicate that in times of postponed marriage an analogous effect may be at work in the initial period of the relationship.     

The perceived fair duration of unemployment benefits for older workers. The role of lifetime achievements in the labour market

The welfare state regulates social policies and reallocates scarce resources. For the social legitimacy of the welfare state, it is important that the public supports the principles underlying this reallocation. This article examines the impact of different activities during the life course on public deservingness perceptions of older unemployed people. In a factorial survey experiment conducted among a random sample of individuals drawn from German administrative employment records, we examine the maximum duration of benefit receipt which is perceived as fair for older unemployed persons with different biographies. The results indicate strong public support for a nexus between previous contributions and benefit entitlements. Besides financial contributions to unemployment insurance, parenting and further training are considered to be ‘lifetime achievements’ which justify longer unemployment benefit receipt. We interpret these findings as an expression of a generalised form of reciprocity which guides perceptions of deservingness regarding older unemployed persons.