Tavern proximity,tavern density and socio-economic status as predictors of assault occurrence within New Zealand: a temporal comparison

This paper investigates how the associations between tavern proximity, tavern density and area unit socio-economic status with assault occurrence vary in a temporal sense. Using New Zealand Police data specifying the day, time and location of assaults in 2016 and Ministry of Justice data specifying the location of on-licenced taverns, we construct logistic regression models to determine how well tavern proximity, tavern density and socio-economic status predict the occurrence of assaults at peak (Fri 22:00–Sat 03:00 and Sat 22:00–Sun 03:00) and off-peak times. An equal-sized sample of traffic generators (public venues whose primary function is not the sale of alcohol) is constructed and similar procedures applied. We find that tavern proximity and tavern density are stronger predictors of assault occurrence at peak, compared to off-peak, times. Conversely, socio-economic status is a better predictor of assault occurrence at off-peak times. We also find that whilst tavern proximity and density are stronger predictors of assault occurrence relative to traffic generator proximity and density at peak times, the opposite is true at off-peak times. These results suggest that in order to minimise alcohol-related harm, there is a need for policy-makers to take into account the temporal nature of these relationships.     

Design and analysis considerations for comparing dynamic treatment regimens with binary outcomes from sequential multiple assignment randomized trials

In behavioral, educational and medical practice, interventions are often personalized over time using strategies that are based on individual behaviors and characteristics and changes in symptoms, severity, or adherence that are a result of one's treatment. Such strategies that more closely mimic real practice, are known as dynamic treatment regimens (DTRs). A sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART) is a multi-stage trial design that can be used to construct effective DTRs. This article reviews a simple to use ‘weighted and replicated’ estimation technique for comparing DTRs embedded in a SMART design using logistic regression for a binary, end-of-study outcome variable. Based on a Wald test that compares two embedded DTRs of interest from the ‘weighted and replicated’ regression model, a sample size calculation is presented with a corresponding user-friendly applet to aid in the process of designing a SMART. The analytic models and sample size calculations are presented for three of the more commonly used two-stage SMART designs. Simulations for the sample size calculation show the empirical power reaches expected levels. A data analysis example with corresponding code is presented in the appendix using data from a SMART developing an effective DTR in autism.     

开放视角下能源消费对经济增长的影响研究——基于长江经济带沿线城市的动态面板数据分析

This paper analyses the dynamic effect and mechanism of energy consumption on economic growth in the context of open economy by using the panel data of cities along The Yangtze River Economic Belt over 2000-2014. Moreover, this paper compares the differences among three subsamples, Yangtze River Delta, middle reaches of the Yangtze River and Chengdu-Chongqing City agglomeration. We find that, both energy consumption and open economic variables are important factors to promote the growth of economy in the Yangtze River economic belt, and the positive effects of energy consumption impact on economic growth is the largest in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, followed by the Chengdu-Chongqing City agglomeration and the Yangtze River. The direct effect of trade and FDI on economic growth are more significant in Yangtze River Delta than the others; moreover. We also find that international trade spur economic growth indirectly by improving the efficiency of energy only in Yangtze River Delta     

基于一致性的动态组合评价方法研究

为了解决多种动态评价方法和动态组合评价方法评价结论非一致性问题,提出基于一致性的动态组合评价方法。确定相容动态评价方法集,应用几种动态组合评价方法对相容动态评价方法集中的单一动态评价结论进行组合评价,如果评价结论非一致,再利用这几种动态组合评价方法对动态组合评价结论进行组合或再组合,直到得到一致性的动态组合排序值为止。应用基于一致性的动态组合评价方法对东部地区区域自主创新能力进行动态组合评价,得到一致性的评价结论,通过实例说明本研究实际应用上的有效性。基于一致性的动态组合评价方法对解决多种动态评价方法评价结论非一致性问题提供了思路,是综合评价方法研究的有益补充,可以利用该方法进行应用研究。     

基于用户规模的双边平台适应性动态定价策略研究

鉴于交叉网络效应导致用户加入双边平台的效用随用户规模动态变化,提出根据用户规模进行适应性动态定价的策略思想,并运用数值计算方法对该定价策略的效果进行深入研究。首先,引入平台动态竞争建模方法,构建了包含用户规模的双边平台适应性动态定价模型;接着,根据数值计算结果对动态定价与静态定价的效果进行比较;最后,考察了平台竞争主要参数的变化对动态定价策略效果的影响。研究表明：（1）动态定价显著优于静态定价,模型主要参数的取值变动不会改变动态定价具有相对优势这个定性结论;（2）提升服务质量或改变基准用户数不会明显增加动态定价的相对优势,但强交叉网络效应或前瞻性用户都会增强动态定价的相对优势。研究结果有助于平台企业管理者更好地制定平台定价策略。     

基于动态分析的中国知识密集型服务业概念与分类研究

知识密集型服务业作为现代服务业中最具发展活力与创新动力的部门,在提升企业竞争力、推动经济发展过程中发挥着日益重要的作用.通过对已有知识密集型服务业概念及分类的差异比较,分析其存在的缺陷并探究造成此缺陷的深层次原因,进而阐述中国知识密集型服务业的发展现状.最后,在把握知识密集型服务业不断成长的动态特质基础上,揭示中国知识密集型服务业的四大特征与概念及其具体分类.     

产业结构偏离度、行业结构偏离度与竞争力评价：重庆例证

本文利用重庆市2005—2010年数据,以全国平均水平为参照系,研究了重庆市三次产业结构整体状况与三次产业内部各个行业的产业结构偏离程度及竞争力水平。在研究中,本文拓展了传统意义的偏离份额分析方法,引入时间维度对静态的偏离份额方法进行改良,从而发现重庆市第一产业发展稳健但行业结构不太合理,第二产业以制造业为主导产业,第三产业内各主导行业存在较大的发展空间。因此,推进产业内主导行业的结构升级及提升主导行业竞争力水平是整体产业升级的较佳方式。     

自然资源与环境经济理论的演进述评

自从经济学产生以来,与自然资源和环境相关的问题就一直是主流经济学关注的主要领域.本文分别对古典经济学中关于资源的论述、一般均衡模型、外部性、产权与交易成本以及生态文明等国内外资源与环境经济学的相关的基本理论进行了较为详尽的回顾和评述.提出在应用传统经济学理论解决资源与环境问题的同时,通过树立生态文明的观念,变革传统的生产与消费模式,让人类自觉地走上绿色发展道路,从而在根本上解决资源与环境问题.     

基于央行效用动态最优化模型的货币政策传导有效性研究

从央行效用最大化的角度出发,运用极大值原理,构建央行效用的动态最优化模型,探讨货币政策传导中的经济主体行为对其传导有效性的影响。结果发现：第一,货币政策传导的时间长短,直接取决于商业银行对货币政策信号的敏感度大小。第二,当实行扩张的货币政策时,商业银行对货币政策的反应比企业和居民更重要;相反当实行紧缩的货币政策时,企业和居民对货币政策的反应比商业银行更重要。优化商业银行、企业、居民三大经济主体行为,能够有效提高其对货币政策信号的敏感程度,进而提高货币政策传导有效性。