Historiography and transformation of ethnic identity in the Mongol Empire: the Öng’üt case

Throughout their history, Inner Asian empires used familiar imperial institutions to rapidly impose new ethnic designations and their attendant languages, such as ‘Türk’ or ‘Mongol’, on their subjects. The swiftness of this integration into new ethnic designations should not be taken to mean that this integration was painless, however. In the well-documented Mongol empire, for example, this incorporation was extremely traumatic for many Inner Asian ethnic groups, even where the subordinate local elites achieved high status in the new regime. This may be seen in the case of the Öng’üt, a Christian Turkic-speaking people of Inner Mongolia whose rulers then became key marriage partners of the Mongol aristocracy. Successive iterations of the origin story of the Öng’üt rulers show how these histories went through vast changes as they were forcibly incorporated into the new empire, and dealt with the internal conflicts sparked by that incorporation. Previously central parts of their historic past, such as Christianity and service as border guards to the previous Jin dynasty, had to be marginalized and a new historical past had to be created. Historiography thus reflected and shaped changes in ethnic identity in a traumatic dynastic transition.     

Maternal Education and Investments in Children's Health

Maternal education differences in children's academic skills have been strongly linked to parental investment behaviors. This study extended this line of research to investigate whether these same maternal education patterns in parenting are observed among a set of parenting behaviors that are linked to young children's health. Drawing on data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort (n = 5,000) and longitudinal models incorporating random effects, the authors found that higher levels of maternal education were associated with more advantageous health investment behaviors at each phase of early development (9 months, 2 years, 4 years, 5 years). Moreover, these disparities were typically largest at the developmental stage when it was potentially most sensitive for children's long‐term health and development. These findings provide further evidence of a developmental gradient associated with mothers' education and new insight into the salience of mothers' education for the short‐ and long‐term health and well‐being of their children.     

明清史与近代史:一个社会史视角的反思

在近几十年中国大陆的历史学界,明清史和近代史是两个取得了重大成就的研究领域;但与此同时,两个在时间上接续的历史时段中间出现了一道鸿沟———两段历史各有其问题意识,学者们向我们展示的是两种截然不同的历史和历史叙述方式。但是,出自明清史的社会史研究者从他们的实践出发,对传统明清史和近代史研究之间的这种断裂进行了反思。在更加多元和复杂、而非单线的问题意识之下,重新认识这一段历史的内在脉络,从而有可能使双方在一个共同的平台上进行讨论     

《全明词》新补15家59首

从国内所藏图书中陆续辑得38家150多首明词,大部分出自珍稀本古籍,难得一见。现依《全明词》及《全明词补编》体例,整理刊布。此文所刊布为15家59首。     

明末清初传教士变译特性之考察

明末清初一批西方传教士借科学技术传播推进宗教在中国的传布,这是一群独特的翻译主体。作为中外文化接触、碰撞、融合的范例,受主客观各种因素的影响,这些西方传教士采用的并非是传统的全译策略,而是变译策略,诸如增(写、释、评)、减、编、述、缩、并、改等,无意中推动了西方科技在中国的传播,并对中国翻译事业产生了相应的影响。     

论明代密疏的保密制度

密疏是明代臣民上呈给皇帝的一种秘密上行文书。与普通题奏本相比,它有直达御前开拆,皇帝亲批而不需内阁票拟,亦不假他人之手高度保密等特点。保密是密疏最重要的特征之一。明代的君臣都有很强的保密意识,明代对密疏的保密,从密疏的誊录、进呈到最后的批出,都有严格的保密措施,正是这些措施确保了明代密疏的保密。     

明末天主教在广东地区的传播与发展

16世纪中叶 ,天主教通过海路传入中国 ,首先传入地是广东。此时 ,天主教在广东发展经历艰难曲折的发展历程。本文结合现存中外文资料 ,分 3个时期对其曲折历程进行一次系统探讨。     

论孙奇逢诗作及其对清初中州诗歌的影响

作为明清易代之际的理学大儒,孙奇逢的诗作不仅明确地体现出理学家之诗的鲜明特色,而且深刻地表现了鼎革之时知识分子阶层的心态变化.因此,其诗作对于研究理学家的诗歌和探讨明末清初知识分子心态都极具认知价值.孙奇逢与清初中州诗坛渊源颇深,许多中州诗人在其门下执贽受业,他对中州诗人的理学教化,对清初中州诗歌趋向于雅正深醇实际上起到了导夫先路的作用.     

Cooperation and preference by peers in early childhood: A longitudinal study

Children who are more proficient in cooperation with peers tend to be more preferred. To date, the development of peer cooperation has been studied mainly in two research traditions, one focusing on action coordination and the other focusing on interaction quality. Both aspects of cooperation are relevant for children's peer relations, but it is unclear whether both aspects of children's earliest cooperation skills predict their later preference by peers after the transition into organized social groups in school. In this study, we assessed coordination proficiency and interaction quality of 181 Dutch children longitudinally from 2 to 4 years of age. No relation between early action coordination and later preference by peers at school was found. However, especially in girls more affiliative and fewer antagonistic behaviors at the age of two predicted likeability among classmates at school at the age of four. The findings shine new light on the earliest foundations of children's peer evaluations.     

Afghan families and health professionals’ access to health information during and after pregnancy

BackgroundHaving a baby in a new country can be challenging, especially if unable to communicate in a preferred language. The aim of this paper is to explore the provision of health information for Afghan women and men during pregnancy, childbirth and the first year after birth in Melbourne, Australia.MethodsCommunity engagement underpinned the study design. Qualitative study with bicultural researchers conducting semi-structured interviews. Interviews and focus groups were also conducted with health professionals.ResultsSixteen Afghan women and 14 Afghan men with a baby aged 4–12 months participated. Thirty four health professionals also participated. Verbal information provided by a health professional with an interpreter was the most common way in which information was exchanged, and was generally viewed favourably by Afghan women and men. Families had limited access to an interpreter during labour and some families reported difficulty accessing an interpreter fluent in their dialect. Availability of translated information was inconsistent and health professionals occasionally used pictures to support explanations. Women and men were unsure of the role of health professionals in providing information about issues other than pregnancy and infant wellbeing.ConclusionBoth individual and health system issues hinder and enable the availability and use of information. Consistent, understandable and ‘actionable’ information is required to meet the needs of diverse families. Health professionals need to be supported with adequate alternatives to written information and access to appropriate interpreters. Inconsistent provision of information is likely to contribute to low health literacy and poor maternal and child health outcomes.