Troubling Discourses of Poverty in Early Childhood in the UK

Poverty in early childhood is pervasive, affecting every aspect of children’s lives. Under current government policies child poverty in the UK is predicted to rise to 40 per cent by 2022. Dominant discourses of poverty have historically focussed on an over‐arching discourse of moral responsibility, essentially relating to notions of deserving and underserving poor. This paper examines how government policy continues to significantly impact on young children and families on low incomes in early childhood and how stigmatised discourses about welfare, work are pervasive. It is argued that discourses of redistribution and children’s rights deserve greater recognition if poverty is to be addressed.     

范成大初年吟咏之清丽俊逸诗风与豪纵快意的生活

范成大的诗歌创作是经历了一定的变化和发展的。其初年诗歌创作已注意向鲍照等六朝诗人和唐代诗人李白的学习,尤其是在乐府诗歌的创作上,其诗歌呈现出清丽、俊逸的风格。     

建国初期的城市公共卫生治理述论

建国初期党和政府面对民众居住环境问题,像厕所和垃圾问题等,以及饮用水问题等多种公共卫生的建置课题,大力开展城市公共卫生宣传和教育,积极采取有效措施,实施重点建设和重点改造,加强环境卫生工程建设,努力改善民众居住环境,使城市公共卫生事业取得了巨大成就.有力地保障了人民的健康安全,保障了我国经济建设的顺利进行.     

开封新区开发与古城空间互动关系研究

本文选取古城开封为实例,分析了当前新形势下古城开封空间发展的机遇与挑战。借助古城汴西新区的开发为契机,探索新区与古城合理的空间互动模式。同时通过对城市发展历程的研究,提炼出新区与古城互动要素并对其特征进行了分析。最后提出实现汴西新区开发与古城空间发展互动关系的策略,探索新区与古城合理的空间互动模式,从而积极地调整和优化规划思想,为城市规划和管理提供更广泛和完善的选择。     

Maternal Employment,Community Contexts,and the Child‐Care Arrangements of Diverse Groups

Integrating family and child data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Birth Cohort with contextual data from the census, this study examined associations among maternal employment, aspects of communities related to child‐care supply and demand, and the early care and education arrangements of 4 year olds in Mexican‐origin, Black, and White families. Children with employed mothers were more likely to be in informal care arrangements than in early childhood education, regardless of racial/ethnic background. For children in Mexican‐origin families, selection into informal care over early childhood education was more likely in zip codes with greater demand for care as measured by higher female employment. Utilization of parent care versus early childhood education was also more likely for children in Mexican‐origin and Black families in zip codes with higher female employment. Constraints associated with maternal employment thus hindered children from enrolling in early childhood education, and community contexts posed challenges for some groups.     

The Good Grandparent: Perspectives of Young Adults

As life expectancy increases, the role of grandparent has increased in duration and is continually adapting as families change in structure, function and form. Across the past several decades, researchers have examined grandparenting styles, finding some consistency as well as the emergence of newer styles, and evidence that grandparenting styles are related to the age and gender of both the grandparents and the grandchildren. In this study, we investigated young adults’ perceptions of grandparenting quality. University Students (N?=?470) from a Midwestern university responded to an online survey that asked them to evaluate the quality of their grandparents grandparenting now and at two retrospective points in time, childhood and adolescence. We hypothesized that the grandparents' performance of multiple styles of their role would be related to grandparenting quality. In addition, we expected that preferred grandparental roles would vary in relation to grandchildren's gender. The results of regression analysis indicated that, although grandparenting quality tended to decline across the respondents' developmental stages, higher ratings at an earlier stage were related to higher ratings at the latter two stages. Further, grandsons preferred grandparents who performed as supporters and advisors, whereas granddaughters preferred grandparents who functioned as supporter and friend. Overall, grandmothers were likely to be the more significant grandparent. Continual research on both grandchildren and grandparents will be needed to chronicle the development of the grandparental role in changing times.     

语言变革与中国现代戏剧的初期形态

文章通过对中国现代戏剧语言最初状况的分析,探讨了语言变革的要求如何改变了中国传统戏剧的基本形态,催生了以话剧为主要形态的中国现代戏剧.中国现代戏剧是伴随着当时新出现的新的话语资源、新的话语方式而诞生的,从文明新戏等戏剧创作开始的戏剧语言的革新和变化,为中国现代戏剧形态的确立奠定了基础.通过对中国现代戏剧语言最初状况的分析,可以看出语言变迁与中国现代戏剧形态的确立之间的关系,可以从一个重要的方面去准确地把握中国现代戏剧艺术和文体发展的动因.     

How useful are the demographic surveys in explaining the determinants of early marriage of girls in the Terai of Nepal?

In recent decades significant changes in Nepalese society have greatly contributed to the increase in age at marriage of girls in Nepal. Factors responsible for these changes include educational development, urbanization and development of mass communications. However, many parents still marry their daughters at very young ages and this practice is particularly prevalent in the Terai region. This paper examines several demographic data sets with a view to assessing their utility for understanding the determinants of early age of marriage of girls in the Terai. The Nepal Family Health Survey (1996), Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys (2001, 2006), the Nepal Adolescents and Young Adults Survey (1999) and the 2001 Population Census of Nepal describe changes in at marriage over time. Factors such as sex, religion, education, geographic region, place of residence (rural/urban), economic status of the household and of women, and occupation are included in these data sets. However, other factors such as age at menarche, dowry and cost of marriage and cross-border marriage migration, which have been found to affect the prevalence of the lower age at marriage of girls in the Terai region, have not been included in the existing demographic surveys. Findings from the current study suggest that these variables should be included in future demographic surveys.     

Low‐Income Mothers’ Private Safety Nets and Children’s Socioemotional Well‐Being

Using longitudinal data from the Fragile Families and Child Well‐being Study (N = 1,162) and the National Evaluation of Welfare‐to‐Work Strategies (N = 1,308), we estimate associations between material and instrumental support available to low‐income mothers and young children’s socioemotional well‐being. In multivariate OLS models, we find mothers’ available support is negatively associated with children’s behavior problems and positively associated with prosocial behavior in both data sets; associations between available support and children’s internalizing and prosocial behaviors attenuate but remain robust in residualized change models. Overall, results support the hypothesis that the availability of a private safety net is positively associated with children’s socioemotional adjustment.