中国式现代化生态文明创造及时代超越性

西方资本主义生态现代化之路向是以全球性生态空间修复策略、时间修复策略掺杂生态霸权主义谋划而展现自身的生态叙事合法性的。它所证成的合理性,实质上不过是资本逻辑的生态隐性呈现及非正义剥夺。拒斥“资本丛林”成为新的生态文明创造的基本方向。从实践的生态本体论、认识论以及价值论出发,以构建“地球生命共同体”为鹄的,中国式现代化生态文明创造构筑了一个“人与自然是生命共同体”“人类命运共同体”“人与自然的生态伦理共同体”逐次展开的新路径。它摒弃人与自然对立关系的思维模式,建构了作为对象性的本质力量的生态主体性,塑造了以总体性环境正义为特征的伦理样态,实现了对资本主义生态空间生产的时代超越。中国式现代化生态文明创造的包容性与发展性为其能持续引领全球生态文明提供了可能。     

从异化消费到生态消费

以机器大生产为标志的工业文明将人类推向了一个物质发达的社会。工业技术的革新使社会生产力得到大力发展,人类的消费逐渐趋于奢侈和浪费。与此同时,由于资本主义社会的生产资料私人占有,生产的扩大具有盲目性。马克思的异化劳动理论对资本主义社会的剥削关系进行了深入细致的分析,将批判视角从生产领域延伸到消费领域,马克思由此提出了异化消费理论。异化消费理论为当代消费群体的各种不当消费提供了重要的理论支持,伴随而来的奢侈消费、享乐消费、符号消费盛行,导致一些错误的消费价值取向产生,造成大量的资源浪费和环境负担。因此,推动异化消费向生态消费的转型尤为重要。生态消费是促进社会的生态化转型和实现可持续发展的重要手段,是适度消费、有限消费、低碳消费、可持续消费和需求性消费,需要政府的“引导力”、企业的“推动力”、社会媒体的“宣传力”、社会公众的“内在动力”等合力而行,共同构建生态消费社会对于促进我国生态文明建设和美丽中国建设具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。     

城市交通系统景观生态设计初探

分析了城市景观的主要特征和城市(城镇)交通景观的结构和功能。强调了城市景观的保护和规划管理。初步分析了城市交通廊道系统的景观生态功能。探讨了城市交通景观生态的设计原则。以江南水乡为例,分析讨论了几种城市交通景观生态设计模式。     

产品全过程的环保成本意识及评价

本文将“环保成本”概念引入产品评价(即在包括产品开发、生产、消费、回收处置的全过程中将环保治理费纳入产品成本),并从企业、国家、消费者利益的角度论述“环保成本法”在中国实施的必要性和可行性,提出产品评价的环保成本因子及其评价模式,进一步探讨解决费用分摊问题的可行途径。     

Economics of Radiation Protection: Equity Considerations

In order to implement cost-benefit analysis of protective actions to reduce radiological exposures, one needs to attribute a monetary value to the avoided exposure. Recently, the International Commission on Radiological Protection has stressed the need to take into consideration not only the collective exposure to ionising radiation but also its dispersion in the population. In this paper, by using some well known and some recent results in the economics of uncertainty, we discuss how to integrate these recommendations in the valuation of the benefit of protection.     

Priority Setting for the Distribution of Localized Hazard Protection

We address the problem of distributing safety-enhancing devices across a region, where each identical device provides for only local protection of the population. The devices protect nonidentical sectors of the population. The sectors of population are exposed to nonidentical intensities of hazard. A method for the screening and prioritizing of needs for the protective devices is described. An approach of risk-benefit-cost analysis under uncertainty is recommended as follows. Measures of hazard intensity and population exposure are identified. Exogenous parameters that influence assessments of risks, benefits, and costs are identified. Uncertainties of the exogenous parameters are propagated by interval analysis. Several tiers of the plausibility of need for protection are identified. The tiers are useful in setting priorities for the distribution of the safety devices. The method is demonstrated in an engineering application to roadway lighting, but has implications for disaster preparedness, anti-terrorism, transportation safety, and other arenas of public safety.     

The Management of Violence in a Conflict Organization: The Case of the Abu Sayyaf

The Abu Sayyaf is an organization which has left a trail of mayhem and murder in the southern Philippines for more than a decade. It has gained international notoriety through several high profile mass kidnappings. This article looks at how the Abu Sayyaf has managed to survive and at times prosper despite the state's efforts to eradicate it. By using organizational analysis the paper demonstrates how the Abu Sayyaf has developed structures and processes which make it such a deadly force. The organization has succeeded in gaining considerable fit with the environment in which it operates.     

Industry and the environment: a case study of cleaner technologies in selected European countries

The aim of this case study is to discuss the role of technology in addressing environmental problems. The paper tries to scratch beneath the surface of the increasingly frequent ‘quick-fix’ solutions to the present environmental problems, based on such beguiling catchwords as Cleaner Technologies, Best Available Technologies, and Best Available Technologies Not Exceeding Excessive Costs, etc., in an attempt to discover whether there is any substance in them, or whether they are just full of hot air. Recent data from case studies performed by the author in Germany and Finland as well as a postal questionnaire in Denmark are presented. The paper analyses and discusses the roles and responsibilities of designers, industrialists, and government policy-makers. It is argued that existing regulatory regimes, supranational industrial structures, and market mechanisms do not favour the development of cleaner technologies, nor do they promote a reduction in consumption patterns. Evidence from ongoing empirical research in Northwest Europe suggests that industry is far from developing and/or implementing cleaner technologies. The paper closes with a discussion of some of the policy implications involved and some examples of urgently needed further research.     

美国、欧盟计算机软件相关发明的专利保护比较研究

分别从计算机软件相关发明专利保护的立法、判例法的发展和演变、专利申请审查实践准则等方面出发,对美国和欧盟计算机软件相关发明的专利保护进行了对比分析,总结出两者现行司法和审查实践中的一致和分歧,以及各自的优劣,从而获得对中国的启示。     

新媒体背景下公众参与生态文明建设的路径

党的十八、十九大均指出,生态文明建设功在当代、利在千秋。十九大进一步明确提出要构建“政府主导、社会协同、公众参与、法治保障”的生态文明建设新局面。《环境保护公众参与办法》的出台为公众参与环境保护提供了强有力的制度保障,但公众的参与程度与许多因素有关。在积极发动和鼓励公众参与生态文明建设的过程中,政府可发挥新媒体协商平台的作用,提高新媒体的回应能力,为公众参与生态文明建设提供保障;公众应借助新媒体互动平台的功能,进一步提升生态意识,践行生态行为,自觉维护生态环境;环保组织要发挥新媒体的聚焦作用,推动环保组织的成长壮大。