Modeling the Adenoma and Serrated Pathway to Colorectal CAncer (ASCCA)

Several colorectal cancer (CRC) screening models have been developed describing the progression of adenomas to CRC. Currently, there is increasing evidence that serrated lesions can also develop into CRC. It is not clear whether screening tests have the same test characteristics for serrated lesions as for adenomas, but lower sensitivities have been suggested. Models that ignore this type of colorectal lesions may provide overly optimistic predictions of the screen‐induced reduction in CRC incidence. To address this issue, we have developed the Adenoma and Serrated pathway to Colorectal CAncer (ASCCA) model that includes the adenoma‐carcinoma pathway and the serrated pathway to CRC as well as characteristics of colorectal lesions. The model structure and the calibration procedure are described in detail. Calibration resulted in 19 parameter sets for the adenoma‐carcinoma pathway and 13 for the serrated pathway that match the age‐ and sex‐specific adenoma and serrated lesion prevalence in the COlonoscopy versus COlonography Screening (COCOS) trial, Dutch CRC incidence and mortality rates, and a number of other intermediate outcomes concerning characteristics of colorectal lesions. As an example, we simulated outcomes for a biennial fecal immunochemical test screening program and a hypothetical one‐time colonoscopy screening program. Inclusion of the serrated pathway influenced the predicted effectiveness of screening when serrated lesions are associated with lower screening test sensitivity or when they are not removed. To our knowledge, this is the first model that explicitly includes the serrated pathway and characteristics of colorectal lesions. It is suitable for the evaluation of the (cost)effectiveness of potential screening strategies for CRC.     

Policy Space: What,for What,and Where?

This article examines how developing countries can use, and enlarge, existing policy space, without opting out of international commitments. It argues that: (i) a meaningful context for policy space must extend beyond trade policy and include macroeconomic and exchange‐rate policies that will achieve developmental goals more effectively; (ii) policy space depends not only on international rules but also on the impact of international market conditions and policy decisions taken in other countries on the effectiveness of national policy instruments; and (iii) international integration affects policy space through several factors that pull in opposite directions; whether it increases or reduces policy space differs by country and type of integration.     

罪行法定主义史论

本文从法律史的角度试论传统中国的＂罪刑法定＂,拟从固有的典章律令中,寻出比较具体客观的认识,证明传统旧制中罪刑法定主义是存在的,但由于传统中国法律的根本精神是人治,这决定了罪刑法定作为一项刑法原则就制度层面而言,在封建立法、司法的实务运作中并未落实,只在个别朝代律文中得到一定程度的体现。从罪刑法定主义到罪刑法定原则,其间的递颤是有因果脉络可寻的：惟有在法治理念、罪行法定理念深入人心的基础上,罪刑法定原则才能落到实处。     

青藏高原地区与东部发达地区区域经济合作若干法律问题研究

本文以青藏高原地区与东部发达地区区域经济合作为切入点,以法治化为视角,对青藏高原地区经济一体化的必然性、法律特征以及青藏高原地区与东部发达地区区域经济合作的若干法律问题进行了初步探讨,并提出了相关法律对策建议。     

世界体系中的"华南经济圈"及其参与中国-东盟自由贸易区的优势问题--全球化背景下的华南经济圈研究之一

世界各地的华侨华人经济联系建构了世界华商网络 ,并以此融入世界体系 ,形成了整个“中华经济圈” ;而包括粤港澳台闽桂琼在内的“华南经济圈”则构筑了“中华经济圈”的圆心 ,并维系其经济增长 (“圆周半径”)的动态平衡。“华南经济圈”由闽台经济区、珠江三角洲经济区、环北部湾沿岸经济区和环南中国海经济区所构成 ,它参与中国———东盟自由贸易区的优势主要在于地缘经济优势、特区经济优势和会展经济优势     

试析青海社会经济发展现状与实现小康的差距

全面建设小康社会是“十六大”确定的重要目标。边远、落后的民族地区能否实现小康事关全局。本文就青海目前的发展现状和差距及如何实现民族地区的小康社会作了一些探讨。     

试论民族地区经济发展立法

民族地区的经济发展立法是社会主义市场经济法律体系的重要组成部分。本文通过阐述民族地区经济发展立法的价值取向、民族地区经济发展立法中存在的问题、以及如何完善民族地区经济发展立法的途径等方面,对民族地区经济发展立法进行了初步探讨     

古代新疆经济文化区的划分——兼论维吾尔族经济文化类型的演变

现代维吾尔族主要是一个农业民族,其经济文化类型属于绿洲灌溉农业。历史上维吾尔族曾经历了狩猎、游牧等经济模式,9世纪中叶以后,逐渐改变为定居的农业民族。在边疆地区全面建设小康社会进程中,民族地区的现代化发展道路选择应保持民族文化的传承性。     

陆荣廷政权在边疆民族经济融合进程中运用的政府和民间两种力量

陆荣廷为首的桂系集团是一个复杂的政治群体,对其历史作用应进行多元化评价。他们利用政府和民间两种力量清除了部分落后的社会政治制度和邪恶势力,扩大了近代经济制度和社会经济组织的影响,在一定程度上奠定了广西新的政治和经济格局。同时推动了边疆民族经济融合的程度进一步加深。     

民族地区经济发展存在的主要问题和矛盾

民族地区经济发展中存在着诸多有利因素 ,尤其是西部大开发战略的实施 ,将极大地促进民族地区经济发展。但也存在着社会发育程度与发展社会主义市场经济、资源开发与环境保护、公平与效率、小生产与大市场大流通等方面的矛盾