新自由主义以及经济全球化下的中国城市发展

随着经济全球化进程的加速,新自由主义逐渐成为西方主要发达国家当权者的主要执政思想,并对其它国家的经济发展产生深远的影响。同时,中国也正以世界级的加工厂身份融入世界经济一体化中,但是,现阶段的城市发展却暴露出了很多问题,首先分析了经济全球化和新自由主义的由来以及涵义,然后探讨它们对中国城市发展的危害,最后阐述了中国城市发展的策略。     

政府与企业之间:试论南京时期工商同业公会的经济职能

近代的同业公会作为普设的行业组织,对于政府与企业来说都具有重要意义。在同业公会法规及相关政策中,政府赋予同业公会及行规以法律合法性,其目的不仅在于保障或规范其行业自治权,更期待公会协助经济行政。对于同业公会来说,维护同业利益是其根本出发点,而如何协调与政府的关系,创建有利于行业发展的宏观制度环境则是其中心任务。在政府经济管理及行业经济自治两个方面,同业公会都具有重要的中介作用。     

理性经济人视角下的官员腐败研究

经济学理论认为,政府官员同样扮演着经济人的角色,在特定的制度约束下寻求自身利益最大化,这是诱致腐败的心理基础。如果制度存在缺陷,使腐败活动的收益超过其成本,腐败自然趋于泛滥。文章构建了政府官员腐败的成本一收益模型,指出腐败的收益包括物质和精神两方面,腐败成本则包括预备成本、实施成本和风险成本,具体分析了贿赂型腐败和贪污型腐败中政府官员的行为选择。在此基础上,认为腐败的关键在于制度缺陷,必须严格地对约束个人活动的不同制度环境进行比较,将廉政研究的重点转移到制度上来。     

试论石柱县人口的发展变化

本文叙述了建国后石柱县各阶段人口发展的情形以及目前石柱县的人口生育模式等人口状况。研究分析表明,影响石柱县人口发展变化的主要因素是经济和政策因素;在不同时期,这两种因素所起的作用是不同的;而在现今的石柱县,政策因素对人口发展的影响占据着主导地位。     

The Transnational Tilt of the Treadmill and the Role of Trade Openness on Carbon Emissions: A Comparative International Study, 1965–2010

There are various schools of thought regarding the relationship between the environment and economy. Ecological modernization argues that the harmful effects of economic growth and development on the environment decline through time, whereas the treadmill of production and ecologically unequal exchange postulate different perspectives. This study relies on World Bank and World Resources Institute data for the period of 1965–2010. Time‐series cross‐sectional Prais‐Winsten (PW) regression models with panel‐corrected standard errors (PCSE) are employed to examine whether economic growth and trade openness intensified or decoupled in relation to three measures of carbon dioxide (CO₂₎ emissions during this period. The findings of this study indicate that there has been a “tilt” in the treadmill of production—that is, the most environmentally degrading production processes have moved to less developed countries. Furthermore, integration into the world economy has been associated with an intensification in CO₂ emissions for less developed countries. Surprisingly, however, this phenomenon does not seem to be driven by exports sent to high‐income nations, suggesting that there are mechanisms embodied within the global organization of production that require further exploration.     

导致科技异化的政治、经济、观念因素

科学与技术在其发展的历程中对人、社会和自然界表现出了巨大的功能,同时也带来了人类无数的问题。高科技的发展带动了经济的飞速发展,却又在破坏着人类居住的家园,产生环境污染、温室效应、能源危机等问题。在高科技最发达的国家,它没有用来维护和促进和平事业,却反而成了推行霸权主义的手段。文章试着从政治、经济和人类的观念三个角度对导致科技异化的根源进行探讨。     

India’s Social Development in a Decade of Reforms: 1990–91/1999–2000

The economic reforms initiated in India in 1991 have brought about visible upliftment of economic conditions of the country. This paper examines if the economic process is associated with an enhancement of India’s social development in equal measure in the reform decade of nineties. Ray (1989) considered thirteen social indicators of India and constructed the country’s social development index (SDI) as a certain weighted average of the selected indicators, for the years between 1950–51 and 1975–76. The present work broadly follows Ray (1989) in tracking the social development in the decade of economic reforms from 1990–91 to 1999–2000. The movement of SDI in nineties has been compared with the movements of India’s per capita income and plan expenditure on the social sector. The results show that though there has been growth in the social sector, it is not by far quite encouraging and perhaps more needs to be done in the social sector. The views expressed in the article are those of the author and not of the institution he serves.     

养老保险现收现付制的挤出效应——一个内生生育率模型

文章在一个内生经济增长的OLG模型框架下研究现收现付制养老保险计划的挤出效应。具体考察公共养老金税率变动对家庭的消费与储蓄、生育选择以及经济增长的长期影响。结果表明,存在向上利他动机的情况下,挤出效应的大小取决于养老基金的规模,适度规模的公共养老金计划不会挤出私人储蓄。而有利于消费增加与经济增长;较大规模的公共养老金计划会对私人自愿储蓄与消费产生负面影响,并且对储蓄的挤出作用要大于对消费的挤出。人口老龄化进程在一定程度上缓解挤出效应,促进资本积累与经济增长。     

中国人口老龄化的“二高三大”特征及对策探讨

本文分析讨论了我国 2 1世纪上半叶人口老龄化的“二高三大”特征。 (一 )高速 :65岁及以上老年人口占总人口比例高速增长———从目前的 7%增加到 2 0 5 0年的 2 3%左右。 (二 )高龄 :80岁及以上高龄老人比例以大约等于 65岁及以上老人增长速度的两倍超高速增长。 (三 )老人数量大 :本世纪中叶我国 65岁及以上老人将超过 3 3亿 ,80岁及以上老人将超过 1亿。 (四 )老年抚养比大 :本世纪中叶我国老年人口与劳动年龄人口之比将等于目前的 3～ 4倍。 (五 )地区差异大 :由于人口迁移的影响 ,我国农村老人比例将高于城镇 ,相当一部分欠发达省区的老人比例将高于全国平均水平。本文还就农村社会养老保障、充分发扬家庭养老优良传统、老年照料政策应适当向女性老人倾斜等方面阐述了对策性思考与建议。     

Onward migration from Spain to London in times of crisis: the importance of life-course junctures in secondary migrations

This study examines one response of migrants to the challenging economic conditions caused by the 2008 financial crisis in Spain: onward migration. Focusing on Colombians and Ecuadorians who mobilise their newly acquired Spanish citizenship to migrate to London, I argue that their new migration is part of their migratory careers and that this process is different from that of Spain-born emigrants because it is marked by the first socioeconomic incorporation. Acknowledging that the crisis is the main driver of this new move, I draw a typology based on life-course junctures to show the differences in how onward migrants understand this new move and what their expectations are. There are three broad types of onward migrants: (1) mature, reluctant migrants, (2) mid-life, career advancement migrants and (3) young, independence-seeking migrants. What they do have in common is that, through their first migration, they have acquired a certain migratory knowledge of the process that shapes their paths and expectations.