Quality Risk Ratings in Global Supply Chains

Extended enterprises face many challenges in managing the product quality of their suppliers. Consequently characterizing the quality risk posed by value‐chain partners has become increasingly important. There have been several recent efforts to develop frameworks for rating the quality risk posed by suppliers. We develop an analytical model to examine the impact of such quality ratings on suppliers, manufacturers, and social welfare. While it might seem that quality ratings would benefit high‐quality suppliers and hurt low‐quality suppliers, we show that this is not always the case. We find that such quality ratings can hurt both types of suppliers or benefit both, depending on the market conditions. We also find that quality ratings do not always benefit the most demanding manufacturers who desire high‐quality suppliers. Finally, we find that social welfare is not always improved by risk ratings. These results suggest that public policy initiatives addressing risk ratings must be carefully considered.     

作业成本动因选择、合并与评价的系统方法构建

目前学术界关于作业成本动因选择与合并的研究,缺乏对动因留选与留选个数的探讨,而关于对成本动因选择合并的评价的研究未见。可以通过聚类分析建立模型,得到成本动因的相关类,再结合主成分分析指导留选动因的个数,最终确定留选动因,并首次建立评价动因选择与合并优劣性的主成分分析模型。实证分析表明,此系统方法更好地解决了成本动因选择与合并的问题,相同数据下该方法比矩阵理论与距离聚类分析结果更优,作业成本管理系统的复杂性与信息成本显著降低。本文为作业成本动因的选择与合并以及评价提供了一套系统方法。     

人力资源管理系统影响企业绩效的复杂性机理——基于高新技术企业的实证研究

破解人力资源管理系统影响企业绩效的机理是战略人力资源管理研究领域的核心问题。基于164家高新技术企业的调查数据,采用层级回归模型检验了人力资源管理系统与企业绩效间的复杂性机理。结果显示,人力资源管理系统对企业绩效的正向直接效应显著,影响二者关系的外生变量是创新战略非高管价值观;人力资本在二者关系间的中介效应不显著,但以组织氛围为控制变量时中介效应有了显著提高;"组织氛围调节下的人力资本中介作用模型"很好地刻画人力资本发挥中介效应的机理。研究结果强化了我们对人力资源管理系统与企业绩效关系机理的认知,同时为高新技术企业管理者在实践中管理员工提供了有益启示。     

灰色关联决策方法研究

以灰色决策分析理论为基础,探讨了经典灰色关联决策方法的优势和不足。提出了基于理想方案的最大关联度方法、基于临界方案的最小关联度方法,以及同时考虑理想方案和临界方案的综合关联度方法及其相关概念。建立了灰色区间关联系数公式和灰色区间相对关联系数公式。运用分析技巧,构建了上述3种关联度决策算法。指出了灰色区间关联系数公式和最大关联度方法分别是经典灰色关联系数公式和灰色关联决策方法的推广,而最小关联度方法和综合关联度方法是经典灰色关联决策方法的拓展。文中实例说明了所提出的灰色关联决策方法的合理性及其算法的有效性。     

基于Vague集和属性综合评价的股票投资价值分析方法

对二级市场上同一行业内的不同股票进行投资价值分析是一个系统综合评价问题。本文从评价指标的选择、单项指标的评价、多项指标的综合评价和属性识别准则四部分来阐述属性测度理论在股票投资价值分析中的应用。特别需要指出的是,股票投资价值评价指标体系的建立和指标权重的确定应用了Vague集的理论和方法。最后,我们应用属性综合评价方法对电子元器件制造业的公司股票进行投资价值分析,结果验证了该方法的实用性和正确性。     

回收物流库存控制研究

本文探讨了包含回收品的库存系统。回收物流库存中既有一般生产过程的新产品,也有经再制造的回收品,使其最优库存策略非常复杂,论文推导出不同控制方式下的EOQ模型,以确定最优生产和再制造批量。此外,还对求得的最优批量进行适当的调整,以确保在循环周期中的定货次数为整数。该模型形式、结构简单易于在实践中应用。     

Teachers,Schools, and Academic Achievement

This paper disentangles the impact of schools and teachers in influencing achievement with special attention given to the potential problems of omitted or mismeasured variables and of student and school selection. Unique matched panel data from the UTD Texas Schools Project permit the identification of teacher quality based on student performance along with the impact of specific, measured components of teachers and schools. Semiparametric lower bound estimates of the variance in teacher quality based entirely on within‐school heterogeneity indicate that teachers have powerful effects on reading and mathematics achievement, though little of the variation in teacher quality is explained by observable characteristics such as education or experience. The results suggest that the effects of a costly ten student reduction in class size are smaller than the benefit of moving one standard deviation up the teacher quality distribution, highlighting the importance of teacher effectiveness in the determination of school quality.     

Evolution of Quality: First Fifty Issues of Production and Operations Management

Many contributions have been made to the field of quality since the inaugural issue of Production and Operations Management in 1992. The first issue called for more research and teaching on TQM, which resulted in two special issues dedicated to TQM. Many other articles related to quality have also been published in the first fifty issues of the journal on topics ranging from technical methods to the Baldrige Award and ISO 9000. As we review these articles, we assess their contribution and the progression of the field of quality. Although past research has advanced our understanding of quality, there still exists many research opportunities in developing more theory, using additional research methodologies, and studying emerging topics in this field.     

短期物流整合情形下的供应商评价模型

在供应链管理(SCM)和虚拟制造组织(VMO)中,供应商的评价和选择是一个研究的热点;近年来已有学者提出,用主观方法来评价和选择供应商和实践是有差异的;本文从实际数据出发,针对发展中国家常见的短期物流整合情形,试图提出一个系统分析模型来探讨这个问题。     

项目系统中的工程造价管理与控制思想探讨

我国目前工程造价管理限于“工程发包与承包价格”的管理,而且造价管理注重于计价依据、形式、主体资格等方面,相对孤立,未与工程项目其他要素联系起来,将其作为工程项目系统的一个子系统看待。项目管理的思想重在系统性(整体性)和过程性,将这两个特点引入造价管理,在工程项目造价的整体目标、系统控制、综合管理、全面构成、动态计算、过程性评价等方面能有所改变,从而在一定程度上突破现行管理模式和内容。