The Transnational Tilt of the Treadmill and the Role of Trade Openness on Carbon Emissions: A Comparative International Study, 1965–2010

There are various schools of thought regarding the relationship between the environment and economy. Ecological modernization argues that the harmful effects of economic growth and development on the environment decline through time, whereas the treadmill of production and ecologically unequal exchange postulate different perspectives. This study relies on World Bank and World Resources Institute data for the period of 1965–2010. Time‐series cross‐sectional Prais‐Winsten (PW) regression models with panel‐corrected standard errors (PCSE) are employed to examine whether economic growth and trade openness intensified or decoupled in relation to three measures of carbon dioxide (CO₂₎ emissions during this period. The findings of this study indicate that there has been a “tilt” in the treadmill of production—that is, the most environmentally degrading production processes have moved to less developed countries. Furthermore, integration into the world economy has been associated with an intensification in CO₂ emissions for less developed countries. Surprisingly, however, this phenomenon does not seem to be driven by exports sent to high‐income nations, suggesting that there are mechanisms embodied within the global organization of production that require further exploration.     

Deaf access to justice in Northern Ireland: rethinking ‘Reasonable Adjustment’ in the Disability Discrimination Act

Abstract

This article provides findings of a qualitative study exploring the interactions of eight Deaf participants and one hearing ally with the justice system in Northern Ireland, where the Disability Discrimination Act requires solicitors to make ‘reasonable adjustments’ in order to provide effective access to Deaf clients. Three thematic categories emerged: (a) barriers to accessing justice, (b) work Deaf people do for access, and (c) the need to educate solicitors about access. A central strain ran through these themes: the idea that ‘reasonable adjustment’ must reflect the value of sign language interpreters in facilitating effective communication access for all the parties.     

Racial diversity, minority concentration, and trust in Canadian urban neighborhoods

Using a sample of 42,329 respondents nested within 4254 Canadian urban neighborhoods, this study demonstrates the conceptual and empirical importance of making a distinction between neighborhood racial diversity and minority concentration, and examines how each is uniquely associated with trust. Our analysis shows that at a given level of racial minority concentration, Whites are more trusting when their minority neighbors are more evenly distributed across racial minority groups. Meanwhile, Whites are less trusting as the neighborhood share of racial minorities increases. Overall, the effect of racial minority concentration tends to prevail over that of racial diversity.     

资本利润率趋向下降规律的启示

劳动社会生产力的发展致使在资本主义商品经济中有资本利润率趋向下降的规律,文中基于相同的原因又得出了在商品经济社会中也存在着工人生活必需品扩大的规律,并通过对于主要资本主义国家经济史的考察,验证了这一规律的正确性。最后,本文运用OLS法对我国国民收入结构进行线性回归分析发现：增加低收入者、工人阶层的工资收入,自觉运用工人生活必需品扩大规律,是当前破解宏观经济问题的关键。     

孙中山的社会福利思想探析

孙中山的社会福利观一方面继承了中国社会福利思想的传统,又受到资产阶级民主革命和西方福利思想的影响,形成他颇具特色的社会福利观,成为其民生主义的重要内容。孙中山关注社会弱势群体,认为为国民提供社会福利是政府的责任,倡导社会福利的制度化和法治化建设。孙中山的社会福利思想对民国的社会福利实践产生了重要影响,在中国社会思想史上占有重要的地位。     

曾国藩集团的“北援筹议”述论

咸丰十年英法联军进犯北京之际,清廷多方调援,亦涉及湘军。曾国藩奏陈免让谕旨饬派的鲍超部北上,而请从他和胡林翼中间派一人率军赴援。在此前后,湘系要员们认真筹议聚谋。尽管因形势变化湘军北援终归未果,但筹议中反映出他们对“北援”及相关之事的态度和应对方策,颇值注意。     

Deconvolution methods for non-parametric inference in two-level mixed models

Summary.  We develop a general non-parametric approach to the analysis of clustered data via random effects. Assuming only that the link function is known, the regression functions and the distributions of both cluster means and observation errors are treated non-parametrically. Our argument proceeds by viewing the observation error at the cluster mean level as though it were a measurement error in an errors-in-variables problem, and using a deconvolution argument to access the distribution of the cluster mean. A Fourier deconvolution approach could be used if the distribution of the error-in-variables were known. In practice it is unknown, of course, but it can be estimated from repeated measurements, and in this way deconvolution can be achieved in an approximate sense. This argument might be interpreted as implying that large numbers of replicates are necessary for each cluster mean distribution, but that is not so; we avoid this requirement by incorporating statistical smoothing over values of nearby explanatory variables. Empirical rules are developed for the choice of smoothing parameter. Numerical simulations, and an application to real data, demonstrate small sample performance for this package of methodology. We also develop theory establishing statistical consistency.     

回族伊斯兰教汉文译著家的“四教”观

明清之际的回族伊斯兰教汉文译著家在阐述伊斯兰教思想时,阐述了他们对佛教、道教和儒家思想的看法,并且对各种思想作出了不同的评价。他们坚定伊斯兰教信仰,尊崇儒家思想,批判佛教和道教,在比较中提高伊斯兰教在中国的社会地位。     

安全利益影响下朝鲜经济发展趋势分析

冷战结束后,朝鲜面临着安全利益和经济发展两大亟待解决的问题。安全问题既影响了朝鲜有限资源的配置,也影响了朝鲜经济发展所需要的外部环境。为解决这一困境,朝鲜似乎希望通过朝鲜半岛核问题来推动问题的解决。从目前朝鲜经济政策调整发展的趋势和朝鲜半岛核问题发展的进程来看,朝鲜应该是在寻找一条能够推动经济发展的渐进的适合朝鲜国情的改革发展道路。     

科学发展观视角下对办好高校社科学报的思考

高校社科学报目前存在着实力不强、质量不高、办刊困难的局面,要改变这种状况,就要贯彻落实科学发展观,明确学报的发展方向、本质和核心,发展的基本内涵和基本要求,使高校学报真正拥有一席之地。