Multiple Dimensions of Cigarette Smoking and Responsiveness to Cigarette Price Changes in Taiwan

This study investigates how smokers respond to both short- and long-run changes in the price of cigarettes in multiple dimensions of smoking behavior. Using a sample of males from a national longitudinal survey in Taiwan, we estimated the demand for cigarettes under both short- and long-run specifications using a quality-purged price index. We found a modest short-run price elasticity of demand for cigarettes and a long-run elasticity of demand that did not significantly exceed the short-run elasticity. We also found that smokers responded to higher cigarette prices by smoking each cigarette more fully without changing their choices of tar and nicotine content to compensate for reduced cigarette consumption.

中国苹果生产技术效率与要素产出弹性分析——以陕西、山西、甘肃10个苹果重点县苹果种植户为例

在果业结构调整、苹果生产方式转型背景下,围绕苹果种植户采用不同栽培模式的技术效率及其影响因素,运用随机前沿函数(SFA)、边际分析方法以及2007-2009年的实地调查面板数据,对陕西、山西、甘肃10个重点苹果生产县446个苹果种植户的技术效率进行测算,分析影响苹果种植户技术效率的主要因素以及苹果生产过程中的要素投入-产出弹性。结果表明,苹果种植户明显存在技术无效率,有进一步提升的潜力。影响苹果种植户技术效率的因素分别为户主年龄、受教育程度、是否为村干部、接受技术培训情况、采用的栽培模式。另外,从要素投入-产出弹性来看,短期内化肥投入的产出弹性最大,其他依次为劳动力、土地、其他可变资本投入。     

影响宁夏羊肉产品供给的主要因素分析

文章主要对影响宁夏羊肉产品供给的因素进行了定性和定量的分析,利用专家意见法对各种因素的利害关系和影响程度进行了深入的研究,结果发现影响程度最大的三个因素为:政策因素、价格因素和成本因素,其中只有政策因素对于羊肉产品的繁育是有利的。     

我国就业增长缓慢与劳动收入占比下降之谜

针对我国就业增长缓慢和劳动收入占比下降同时存在的现实,本文从就业增长与工资、劳动收入上涨之间的动态关系及劳动收入占比的决定因素两个方面入手,通过分析发现:在我国,工资上涨对就业增长的抑制作用有限,劳动收入占比是影响就业增长的重要因素;就业增长与劳动收入占比只是单向影响关系。     

交易者市场到达率及影响因素研究

将交易者市场到达率看作与市场状态相依的变量,实证研究了上海证券市场知情与非知情交易者的市场到达率及其影响因素.首先运用EKOP模型假设,选取2003.7.1至2003.12.31上海证券市场高频分笔交易数据,对知情与非知情者的到达率(交易强度)进行了度量;其次研究了各种宏观、微观市场特征对交易者到达率的影响.实证结果表明:非知情交易者的到达率与市场收益正相关,知情交易者的到达率主要受买(卖)交易量和供给(需求)弹性的影响,且这种影响只存在于同期之间.与非知情交易者不同,知情者较多的观察微观公共信息.     

A land of the ‘fair go’? Intergenerational earnings elasticity in Australia

This paper contributes to the existing literature on income mobility by developing and applying a two‐stage panel regression model and assessing the effects of using different levels of occupational (dis)aggregation and different earnings measures on the magnitude of father–son earnings elasticities in Australia. We find that the overall intergenerational earnings elasticity in Australia between 2001 and 2013 ranges from 0.11 to 0.30. Our preferred estimates lie between 0.24 and 0.28. Elasticity estimates vary depending on the level of occupational (dis)aggregation and earnings measure used: they are highest when two‐digit level occupations and hourly earnings are used, and lowest when four‐digit level occupations and annual earnings are used. We read these findings as indicating that elasticity estimates are sensitive to the use of different data and methods, and researchers should be careful when undertaking cross‐study, cross‐temporal or cross‐national comparisons.     

Conditionally Efficient Estimation of Long-Run Relationships Using Mixed-Frequency Time Series

I analyze efficient estimation of a cointegrating vector when the regressand and regressor are observed at different frequencies. Previous authors have examined the effects of specific temporal aggregation or sampling schemes, finding conventionally efficient techniques to be efficient only when both the regressand and the regressors are average sampled. Using an alternative method for analyzing aggregation under more general weighting schemes, I derive an efficiency bound that is conditional on the type of aggregation used on the low-frequency series and differs from the unconditional bound defined by the full-information high-frequency data-generating process, which is infeasible due to aggregation of at least one series. I modify a conventional estimator, canonical cointegrating regression (CCR), to accommodate cases in which the aggregation weights are known. The correlation structure may be utilized to offset the potential information loss from aggregation, resulting in a conditionally efficient estimator. In the case of unknown weights, the correlation structure of the error term generally confounds identification of conditionally efficient weights. Efficiency is illustrated using a simulation study and an application to estimating a gasoline demand equation.     

利用ELESM分析贵州城镇居民消费的各种弹性

众所周知经济学中的弹性有需求价格弹性、需求收入弹性等,其中需求价格弹性还包括需求自价格弹性和需求交叉弹性。对弹性的实证分析,可以帮助我们正确认识和把握收入变动和价格变动对商品需求量变动的影响规律,对搞活微观经济促进城镇居民消费结构的转变起着积极作用。利用扩展的线性支出系统模型,以贵州统计年鉴(2002)公布数据为样本,以2001年为典型,对贵州城镇居民消费需求的弹性进行实证分析,合理求出各种弹性。     

"弹性力学"课程的教改实践与探讨

如何提高“弹性力学”课程的课堂教学质量,是弹性力学课程教学改革中的一个重要问题。阐明“弹性力学”课程的特点,认为恰当的教学理念和教学方法,是取得更好教学效果的关键,也是教改成功的关键。     

"工科基础力学"教学改革的思考与实践

文章从“工科基础力学”课程的教学出发,对教学内容、教师素质培养及学生能力培养等方面提出了一些改革的看法,希望寻求适应于社会发展的教学方法,以达到提高学生综合能力的目的。