婚姻状态对老年人死亡概率的影响研究--基于CLHLS队列数据的实证分析

文章基于 CLHLS 队列数据,运用统计分析及经验论证,解析出婚姻状态影响老年人死亡概率的作用机理,即在婚状态以其“保护效应”减小老年人患病的机率,进而减小其死亡概率;相反,不在婚状态的“损害效应”会增加老年人患病的机率,进而增加其死亡的概率。在所得结论基础上,为促进老年健康和应对养老挑战,针对老年人婚姻问题提出了相关政策建议。     

The meaning of frailty according to Dutch older frail and non-frail persons

Frailty is a term often used by researchers and clinicians to describe a state in which older persons are at risk for adverse outcomes such as falls, disability, institutionalization and mortality. However, no study so far examined what frailty means to older persons. Therefore the aim of this study was to describe the meaning that older community-dwelling persons attach to frailty. Twenty-five semi-structured interviews were conducted. The interviews were analyzed using the grounded theory method. Frailty was described as being in poor health, having walking difficulties, feeling down, being anxious, having few social contacts and not being able to do the things one likes to do. Men described in more detail the physical dimension whereas women elaborated in more depth on the psychological and social component. Existing definitions of frailty should be adjusted to better reflect the meaning of frailty for older persons.     

全民社保与社区居家养老模式的发展

在人口老龄化的背景下,社区居家养老模式逐渐成为应对老龄化危机的重要方式。但该模式在资金与服务上面临困境,普惠型的全民社保体系为社区居家养老的发展带来了新的契机。养老保险、社会救助和老年津贴等收入保障制度筑牢了居家老年人经济供养的基础,医疗保险、医疗救助和基层医疗卫生服务等医疗保健制度从经济补偿与服务提供双方面支撑起该模式的发展。但是尚不完善的全民社保制度无法完全解决社区居家养老模式面临的问题与挑战。社区居家养老模式的可持续发展出路在于抓住历史机遇,重构参与主体之责任,充分发挥社区的主体作用,以实现健康老龄化。     

老年住宅的市场需求与供给策略--以广州为例

老年住宅市场的形成是我国经济发展、人口政策和社会因素共同作用的结果,也是房地产经济持续发展的一种途径和房地产产业资源优化配置的需要。以广州为例,影响老年宜居住宅需求的主要因素依次为人均可支配收入、人均住宅面积、人口老龄化水平、城市住宅价格、区域经济发展状况等,为释放和满足老年宜居住宅需求,应该形成由政府部门、公共机构、房地产企业、家庭和社区等共同参与的多元化供给主体模式,并构建针对不同消费群体的老年住宅供给体系。     

人口老龄化的经济社会后果——基于多层面与多维度视角的分析

人口老龄化的加剧对中国社会形成了巨大冲击。文章利用宏微观数据,系统梳理了人口老龄化对中国经济社会与文化、社区治理和家庭福祉的影响。研究发现:随着持续近40年的人口红利逐渐消失,中国宏观经济增长、社会保障体系、文化形态和公共政策都发生了诸多改变;社区服务供给和社区治理的复杂性也日渐提高;家庭养老资源日益萎缩,护理员面临总量短缺和结构失衡,照护活动给照料者的身心健康带来负向溢出效应。尽管人口老龄化给社会带来了诸多改变,但应乐观、科学辨证地审视这一现象。积极应对人口老龄化,应从推动产业转型升级、完善为老服务体制机制、提升养老服务质量等方面入手,真正让老年人共享社会经济发展的成果。     

城乡老年人收入来源的差异及其经济性影响

对江苏省南通市1440位城乡老年人问卷调查的数据分析表明,与1994年和2000年相比,目前城乡老年人的主要收入来源除了自己现在劳动所得的比例保持相对稳定外,子女补贴的比例无论是在城市还是农村都呈现出下降趋势,且在老年人收入来源中的排序由第一位下降为第二位,收入来源是自己的离退休金的在城市老年人排序第一,在农村老年人虽仍排第三,但人数比例有较大程度的上升;城乡老年人的收入来源随其年龄、文化程度、性别、婚姻状态、60岁前从事职业等个人和社会经济特征的不同而存在差异;老年人收入来源与其收入水平和经济状况存在相关关系。     

Alcohol and the Elderly:

This paper provides an overview of what is currently known about elderly alcohol use and abuse. It identifies areas of social work practice that need to be improved to meet the needs of elderly problem drinkers, and makes recommendations regarding identification, treatment, and coordination of services for this population.     

Elderly Prisoners: A Growing and Forgotten Group Within Correctional Systems Vulnerable to Elder Abuse

ABSTRACT

There are over 2.1 million people incarcerated in the nation's jails and prisons. Additionally, close to 600,000 prisoners are released annually into communities across the country. Many prisoners and those released from prisons are elderly. The purpose of this article is to examine the systemic abuse and neglect experienced by elderly prisoners while they are incarcerated and when they are released from prison. Most correctional systems have inadequate resources, processes, and personnel to manage the elderly population inside and outside of prisons. In addition to providing a definition of “elderly prisoner,” two specific problems–prison health care and prisoner re-entry–are examined in the article. The article concludes with recommendations for both policy and research on how best we can further understand and address the multiple needs and concerns faced by elderly prisoners.     

A Qualitative Study on Home Modification of Rural Caregivers for People with Dementia

Opinions about the responsibility for procuring sheltered housing in Norway have been studied among people 50 and older. Until recently, Norway offered standard public provision, where the state has been the central provider and organizer of care for the elderly. The results indicate great support for public responsibility for providing sheltered housing for the frail elderly, which is only marginally affected by background characteristics. However, older people's attitudes as to whether they would choose private housing provision are affected by income, age, and knowledge of the market, and many are uncertain. Women and low-income groups are overrepresented among those who are uncertain.