汉代羽化图像的发展及其原因

汉代墓葬中的壁画、画像石 (砖 )所描绘的内容无不是羽化思想的体现 ,而羽化图像的形成与发展自有其内在和外在的因素。作为外在因素的外来文明一直是汉代艺术发展演变的重要外部环境 ,而本土的鸟图腾崇拜以及神仙信仰等内因却是羽化图像迅速发展的必备土壤 ,他们在相互影响下一同孕育出扑朔迷离的汉代“羽化”艺术。     

中国常德诗墙的文化层次

中国常德诗墙以“时空交汇、纵横结合”的构想 ,寻求内容和形式的完美和谐 ,集中体现了中国传统文化精神。她以自己清新的面目实现了情景合一的美学追求 ,体现了知行合一的实践理念 ,达到了天人合一的哲学境界。     

论民间祭祀神佛形象的世俗化

原始人对祖先、鬼魂的崇拜,不过是企求死者佑护生者,以便生者得到更多的物质财富罢了.先民们对动植物图腾的崇拜和一系列的民间祭祀活动只是形式,而实质是交换.在长年累月的这种以"物"易"物"的交换中(实为精神交易),现实利益、现实需求和现实愿望等"精神货币"便产生了.于是,中国民间祭祀便自然从神圣走向了世俗.民间祭祀神佛形象的世俗化即为其表现之一.     

我国企业集团发展中存在的问题及对策建议

改革开放以来,我国企业集团取得了长足发展,但也存在着不少待解决的问题,如运作不规范、制度不健全、机制不完善、社会负担重等.建议加强指导,强化试点,规范运作,完善功能,优化环境,以促进企业集团的健康发展.     

Helping Older People in Residential Care Remain Full Citizens

New Labour’s project of modernization has involved thepromotion of interlocking ideas about active citizenship andnew modes of democratic engagement combining to produce whathas described as ‘participative governance’. Concernsabout legitimacy, a ‘democratic deficit’ and theneed to shift power and responsibility to the ‘citizen’have led to the emergence of a range of new deliberative foraand democratic processes. This has led to debates about howto ensure that social diversity can be represented in the decision-makingprocess. A challenge has been how to engage with the issuesof an ageing population and represent older people in all theirdiversity. In recent years, there have been growing calls toextend advocacy rights to older people living in residentialcare. Mostly, this has been to ensure that as consumers, theyhave a fuller say in how their service is run. Older care homeresidents are service users but, as persons, should not be reducedto this role only; they are also citizens in the broadest senseand should not be cut adrift from debates at the national, localand community levels on issues that concern them. This paperexamines how the moves to bring older people into deliberativedemocratic processes have tended to focus on those in their‘Third Age’. Those in institutional settings, beingin the ‘Fourth Age’, occupy a much more marginalposition. This effective disenfranchisement is yet another reasonwhy, for many, the move into residential care—a difficulttransition for a variety of reasons—becomes regarded asthe ‘last refuge’. It contributes to the sense ofloss of identity, lowering of self-esteem and a reduced senseof personhood. This article accepts that there should be moreeffective involvement of care home residents in decision makingabout their personal care. However, there are dangers in adoptinga too narrowly consumerist approach. This can reinforce a reductionistview of care home residents simply as ‘service users’—aform of ‘othering’ in itself. As citizens and membersof a wider community, they should be included in consultationsabout any community and wider political debates that affectthem. Such a proposal implies a widening and deepening of advocacyservices available to this group. As most older people in residentialcare are there following the intervention of a social care professional,then ensuring that they have access to advocacy must surelybe a key task. This paper argues that this is frustrated bythe lack of suitable services. Without a significant investmentby the Government in independent advocacy services, not onlyis the social work task with one of social care’s coreclient groups rendered impossible, but the Government cannotdeliver on its own agenda of empowerment, active citizenshipand inclusion.     

尔苏语言文字与尔苏人的族群认同

尔苏人虽然使用同一种语言,却存在两种族群认同表现。其中部分尔苏人认同国家把他们划入藏族,另一部分人认为尔苏人与藏族的差异较大,要求被承认为一个单一民族。从语言文字的角度来看,这两种认同表现除了用尔苏语与藏语的特征之外,还用尔苏人的沙巴图画文字和藏文经书来强调和支持各自的观点。语言文字作为一个族群的重要文化内容,在尔苏人当中直接影响了族群认同的抉择。本文从人类学族群理论建构论的角度对这种族群认同分歧现象进行了分析。     

论金世宗以“宽仁”治国的思想（下）

金世宗是中国北方历史上少数民族统治集团中较为开明、较为远见的政治家。他借鉴了中国历代帝王的治国经验,汲取海陵王暴政的深刻教训,形成了以"宽仁"治国思想。这一治国思想主要表现在:崇尚儒学,礼法结合;劝农力田,与民休息;整饬吏治,赏罚信明;任人唯贤,德才并重;广开言路,虚怀纳谏;南北融合,兼容并蓄:一方面仰慕汉文化,主动汲取;另一方面,保留女真文化传统;提倡节俭,力戒奢靡。在他的治国思想指导下,适应当时金代社会政治、经济、文化发展的需要,进行了多方面的调整和改革,并取得了显著的成效。     

Older People and Permanent Care: Whose Decision?

This paper looks at decision making when older people enterpermanent care, and focuses on power issues. The recent pastis reviewed and related to aspects of the current picture. Dementiaand capacity are a specific focus. The complexities of the workfor practitioners, together with their sometimes difficult workingenvironments, engender a climate which can be counter productiveto protecting the self-determination of older people.     

清人的饮食风俗

清人的饮食风俗,是清代社会生活风俗体系的基本“元素”与重要构成部分,而清人的饮食结构与方式、百姓的饮食生活、它们的发展与演变,既是体现各历史时期物质与精神文明程度的重要标志,更是展示清人社会生活风貌演进变革历程与轨迹的活“窗口”。     

树立"以人为本"的广义政治观

广义政治观实质上就是以人为本的政治观.广义政治观内在地要求坚持以人为本,实现以人为本是广义政治观的出发点和最终归宿.而要从理论上廓清人与政治的关系,确立人的政治主体地位,尊重和保障人权,推进政治发展,就必须树立以人为本的广义政治观.