The Role of Positive and Negative Social Exchanges Between Adolescents,their Peers and Family as Predictors of Suicide Ideation

The role of positive and negative social exchanges between adolescents, their peers and family as predictors of suicide ideation was investigated in a national random sample of 1591 adolescents from the US National Comorbidity Survey. Four indexes measured socio-emotional exchanges by type (positive or negative) and by source (family or peers). Negative exchanges with family were associated with increased suicide ideation scores in younger (15–17) but not in older (18–19) adolescents. Positive support provided as significant buffering effect that was age-specific and independent of gender, income or mood disorders. Providers, especially social workers need to identify both positive and negative exchanges that adolescents experience with family and peers.     

基于创新型产业集群的辽宁装备制造业竞争力提升战略

装备制造业发展是辽宁老工业基地振兴的关键所在,而集群化发展则是装备制造业发展的重要途径,本文通过对辽宁装备制造业的竞争优势与问题分析入手,探讨了装备制造业发展的集群化选择,进而通过对创新型产业集群及其演进机理进行分析,提出了辽宁省装备制造业发展创新型产业集群的战略对策.     

甘肃省主导产业的选择基准与培植路径

产业是国民经济运行的骨骼,结构优化意味着效益。通过资源倾斜配置的非均衡增长战略培植主导产业来带动和影响其他产业可以优化产业升级,实现区域经济跨越式发展。本文以甘肃省为例,通过量化基准选定主导产业,并探讨其培植路径,以期对甘肃"工业强省"战略和全面建设小康社会有所借鉴。     

The banking industry in Jordan

This paper examines the structure and performance of the banking industry in Jordan during the period 2000–2006. The Jordanian banking industry is free of extensive state ownership and government direction of the economy. These positive features are reflected by the absence of dominant state-owned banks and by the limited use of directed credit programs, interest rate controls, and credit ceilings. The banking industry is well developed, with bank assets representing 239.80 percent of the GDP at the end of 2006, which is a high percentage compared with other developing countries in the region.     

Comparing Estimates of the Effects of Air Pollution on Human Mortality Obtained Using Different Regression Methodologies

Studies using regression techniques report their results using a variety of statistics. Evaluation of the consistency of findings, such as in a metaanalysis, requires calculating the statistical estimates of the effect reported in each study in a comparable manner. In this paper, we consider multiple linear regression, multiple Poisson regression, and logistic regression estimates. We present results that are needed to calculate, on a common basis, the slope of the regression function at a specified value, the elasticity function of the regression function at a specified value, the relative risk at a specified value, and the odds ratio at a specified value. We apply these results to studies of the association of daily mortality in an area to the daily air pollution level of ozone and PM₁₀. We calculate the estimated slope of the number of deaths per billion population associated with an increase of 1 ppb of ozone level in studies of daily mortality in three urban areas. These studies, in Los Angeles, New York, and St. Louis, produced very comparable results on a common basis, especially when compared to the coefficients as reported. We also calculated the estimated elasticity function of the daily mortality and daily PM₁₀ level for eight areas and found that the elasticities varied within a factor of roughly two, much less than the variability in the coefficients as reported.     

Ethics of care and social policy

Care work is to a high degree equivalent with female work and has not, to any great extent, been of interest to traditional social sciences. Women's studies has however changed this, and today there is a broad academic discussion about care work as well as about the concept of care itself. This article reviews this discussion; the concepts of care and ethics are linked and given feminine content. With reference to studies within the authors' research programme: "Care for the elderly: conditions and everyday realities", results are then reviewed that show how organizational, political and ideological relationships affect the content and quality of care. Finally, European social policy trends and the consequences of new systems of paying for care are discussed from a gender perspective. The authors warn against a context-free coupling between women and an ethic of care, and show how neoliberal politics can use feminist "struggle concepts" to put women "back in their place".     

旅游产业集群与其利益相关者——政府博弈研究

旅游产业集群已经成为提高区域旅游产业竞争力的重要途径,而政府作为集群的管理部门,是其重要的利益相关者。本研究分析了旅游产业集群与政府的关系,并从研究旅游集群企业与消费者的博弈分析入手研究旅游集群与政府的博弈情况,最后针对我国旅游集群的发展提出了相关的建议。     

太原市产业结构调整的效果评价

1999年太原市实施产业结构调整以来,取得了一定的成效,但也存在着一定的问题,文章首先对太原市产业结构调整中替代产业的选择进行评价,并充分分析其替代关系的合理性,继而对太原市转型以来的综合效果进行评价,最后针对问题逐一分析原因。     

Polarization in the Reaction to Health‐Risk Information: A Question of Social Position?

Dissemination of risk information is ubiquitous in contemporary society. We explore how individuals react in everyday life to health-risk information, based on what they report in personal interviews. Health-risk information was without exception recognized as unstable and inconsistent. This conformity, however, did not extend to the narratives regarding how health-risk information should be handled. Two opposite positions (ideal-typical strategies) are presented. Either you tend to process and evaluate new information or you tend to ignore it as a whole. Our attempt to reveal the underlying rationality in these two very different approaches involved the exploration of three different avenues of interpretation and brings together two scientific paradigms--economics and sociology--that provide the framework for our analysis. First, we suggest that a greater long-term experience of explicit choice implies that this kind of action becomes more natural and less resource consuming, whereas a reliance on habits in daily life--a natural adjustment to a lack of resources--makes it is more costly to bother about new information. Second, with fewer resources in the short run, fewer opportunities to mitigate bad outcomes, and greater exposure to social and material risks, one is less likely to devote resources to deal with health-risk information. Third, there are several possible links between a low propensity to take account of risk information and a high relative importance of genuine uncertainty in one's life. These theoretical perspectives provide a viable set of hypotheses regarding mechanisms that may contribute to social differences in the response to health-risk information.     

Psychosocial stress and job satisfaction in female office employees with and without neck-shoulder symptoms

The objective of this research performed in a Finnish occupational health care setting was to describe the annual prevalence of neck and shoulder symptoms in female office employees and to test whether or not these symptoms were associated with psychosocial stress, job satisfaction and health locus of control. The subjects consisted wholly of female office employees (n = 232) at one local bank and three insurance offices, chosen on a voluntary basis. The annual prevalence of disturbing neck-shoulder symptoms among female office employees was 43.3%. An association of these symptoms with psychosomatic symptoms, poor general job satisfaction and its two subdimensions, work content and perception of the healthiness of the working environment, was noticed. The subjects with neck-shoulder symptoms had a significantly higher score of feelings of external control (fatalism) than those without symptoms. The results lead to the conclusion that neck-shoulder symptoms are common amongst female office employees. These symptoms are associated with some psychosocial stress factors and job dissatisfaction. In future, it would be important to pay attention to these factors when trying to reduce the prevalence of neck-shoulder symptoms in office work.