环境责任与有限责任制度的冲突与协调——基于在华跨国公司的分析

有限责任制度对经济的巨大刺激作用已为世人所公认,而跨国公司的组织形式又将这种制度的优势发挥到了极致:股东在履行了出资义务、成功设立有限责任公司后,对公司债权人并无任何责任可言,尽管前者的意志通过一定的形式可以成为后者的意志,但却不必承担因此可能带来的额外的债务风险,特别是在跨国公司在东道国从事高污染、高环境风险的行业的情形下,依照有限责任制度则可能给无过错的环境侵权债权人带来极大的不公正,有限责任制度存在缺陷与困境尤其凸显。因此,在跨国公司环境责任的追究机制中,合理采纳法人人格否认、完善整体责任制度既有利于有限责任制度的扬长避短,也有利于完善跨国公司的环境法律责任。     

一阶非线性常微分方程可积类型的推广

文中提出新的四类非线性常微分方程,借助某些方法与技巧,论证了这几类方程可用积分法求解,获得的结论推广了文献中相应的结果。     

广义集压缩映射原理及其对积分方程组的应用

本文对Banach空间中映射组证明了一个不动点定理.利用这个定理,我们给出了Banach空间中非线性Fredholm和Volterra积分方程组解的存在性定理,也获得了非线性Volterra积分方程组极值解的存在定理和比较定理.这些定理推广了文[1]中的相应结果.     

Accurate ARL computation for EWMA-S<Superscript>2</Superscript> control charts

Originally, the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart was developed for detecting changes in the process mean. The average run length (ARL) became the most popular performance measure for schemes with this objective. When monitoring the mean of independent and normally distributed observations the ARL can be determined with high precision. Nowadays, EWMA control charts are also used for monitoring the variance. Charts based on the sample variance S² are an appropriate choice. The usage of ARL evaluation techniques known from mean monitoring charts, however, is difficult. The most accurate method—solving a Fredholm integral equation with the Nyström method—fails due to an improper kernel in the case of chi-squared distributions. Here, we exploit the collocation method and the product Nyström method. These methods are compared to Markov chain based approaches. We see that collocation leads to higher accuracy than currently established methods.     

Goodness-of-fit Procedures for Copula Models Based on the Probability Integral Transformation

Abstract.  Wang & Wells [ J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 95 (2000) 62] describe a non-parametric approach for checking whether the dependence structure of a random sample of censored bivariate data is appropriately modelled by a given family of Archimedean copulas. Their procedure is based on a truncated version of the Kendall process introduced by Genest & Rivest [ J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 88 (1993) 1034] and later studied by Barbe et al . [ J. Multivariate Anal. 58 (1996) 197]. Although Wang & Wells (2000) determine the asymptotic behaviour of their truncated process, their model selection method is based exclusively on the observed value of its L ²-norm. This paper shows how to compute asymptotic p -values for various goodness-of-fit test statistics based on a non-truncated version of Kendall's process. Conditions for weak convergence are met in the most common copula models, whether Archimedean or not. The empirical behaviour of the proposed goodness-of-fit tests is studied by simulation, and power comparisons are made with a test proposed by Shih [ Biometrika 85 (1998) 189] for the gamma frailty family.     

具有非负密度的粘性不可压缩流体运动的初边值问题的广义解的唯一性

本文讨论了一类具有非负密度的不可压缩流体运动的初边值问题,用积分估值法证明了这一模型广义解的唯一性.     

一类蜕化椭圆方程解的唯一连续性

本文考虑蜕化椭圆方程，其中ａ，ｂ为常数，ｆ（ρ）单调、非负连续并且满足Ｄｉｎｉ条件．证明了解具有强唯一连续性     

改进复习课教学的一次尝试

本文给出了一个上复习课的新方法，利用变上限定积分函数的性质，系统地复习一元函数的有关知识，可使很多问题得到很容易地解决和统一。     

双解析函数的Cauchy积分公式

建立了双解析函数的积分，得到双解析函数的Ｃａｕｃｈｙ积分定理、Ｍｏｒｅｒａ定理和Ｃａｕｃｈｙ积分公式．     

相对论Birkhoff系统的积分不变量

研究相对论Birkhoff系统的积分与积分不变量的构造,建立相对论Birkhoff系统的等时变分方程和非等时变分方程,由此证明:由已知系统的一个第一积分,可以构造系统的一个积分不变量.并给出了它的逆定理。