Organ Donation and Transplantation in India: An Inquiry in Kerala

Until recently, financial incentive was the prime motivation in transplantation of kidneys from nonrelated living donors in India. Prior to the Human Organ Transplantation Act of 1994, it was legal in all states of India to purchase and merchandise organs, eliminating the opportunity for black markets currently created by the enormous demand for organs. Eight years later, the question remains on how if at all The Act has changed the way organ donation is viewed and conducted in India. This study reveals attitudes and beliefs about organ donation in India from the perspectives of the doctors and the public. Interviewees expressed concerns and fears over the implementation of The Act. Mistrust of the medical profession and concerns about illegal buying and selling of organs were some major issues brought forth by the public. Additional issues were the need for public education, advertisement, and role models to promote organ donation in India. All interviewees had prior knowledge of organ donation and did not require explanation of the concept. No one interviewed was opposed to organ donation. Many participants were aware of organ donation through Ashwaria Roy, a former Miss World who does advertising campaigns promoting cornea donation in India.     

关于捐款的法律思考

我国目前尚无专门的规制捐款行为的法律,因而在捐款过程中出现一些强制捐款、挪用捐款、捐款纠纷等现象,引起公民的不满,甚至产生抵触情绪。这对我国公益慈善事业的发展产生了障碍,对于和谐社会的建立也会产生不利影响。完善捐款法律体系,加强对捐款使用的监督和管理,赋予捐款人相应的荣誉等措施的采取,将会进一步规范捐款工作,减少捐款存在的问题,提高人们捐款的积极性,建立公正和谐的社会。     

发展大学教育基金会，促进大学教育捐赠

教育捐赠对大学基金会的发展起着至关重要的作用.文章介绍了目前我国大学的教育基金会的现状及其在制度上的优势,分析了影响我国大学教育基金会发展的几个主要原因,并在此基础上提出了解决对策.     

.历 史 学 研 究.明代捐赀研究

在明代捐纳制度中，捐赀包括实物和白银。在捐纳推行初期，捐赀主要是粮食、马匹、草等实物，随着捐纳制度的广泛推行，实物捐纳存在携带不便和损耗等弊端，报捐人逐渐减少。随着白银的逐渐流通，为鼓励人们捐纳，明廷将白银纳入捐赀之中，嘉靖后出现实物和白银并行之局面。在捐赀的具体操作中，实物和白银各有优劣，明延从解决时局危机出”发，采取灵活之策。另外，从捐赀的多样性可窥知明末千疮百孔的财政状况。     

我国高校教育基金会的现状分析与发展路径选择

自20世纪90年代起，我国高校教育基金会数量迅速增长，并初步形成了行政管理型、市场运作型、委员会型、海外拓展型等多种发展模式，在一定程度上为高校发展提供了资金支持。但由于我国社会目前存在欠缺慈善文化和传统、政法环境的限制以及高校的主体地位不明确等原因，从而出现了我国高校基金会发展的积极性不高、资金规模较小、管理模式不能完全适应市场需求等问题，因此，应逐步优化外部环境并积极加强高校内部建设，确保高校基金会的健康发展。     

Cultures of the soul: spiritual beliefs about organ donation in China and the United States

Spiritual beliefs shape ideas about the meaning of life, the moment of death, and the care that must be taken to deliver the body of the loved one to the spiritual realm. This study investigated spiritual beliefs about organ donation for participants in China (n = 364) and the United States (n = 384). Results showed that spiritual connection with the transplant recipient, spiritual concern about removing organs, and attitudes toward organ donation significantly predicted willingness to become an organ donor for participants in both countries. Americans reported being significantly more religious compared to Chinese. However, altruism and religiosity were not significant predictors of willingness to donate organs. Chinese participants showed significantly higher levels of spiritual connection with the potential recipient of transplanted organs. Even so, Chinese participants exhibited more reluctance to become organ donors compared to Americans. Gender differences in organ donation behaviors are also reported. The study discusses the implications of the findings for structuring organ procurement campaigns that will address spiritual beliefs about organ donation.     

社会资本视角下的高校社会捐赠研究

高校接受社会捐赠是高等教育发展史中一个重要现象,把社会资本引入到高校社会捐赠中,重视和利用积极的高校社会资本将促进高校社会捐赠的巩固和发展。以"社会资本"这一概念为切入点,分析社会资本与高校社会捐赠的关系,得出其在促进高校社会捐赠中的积极效用,同时也指出基于社会资本的当前高校社会捐赠面临的主要困境:社会信任危机的出现、缺乏科学的规范、传统慈善理念的禁锢以及对高校社会捐赠的关系网络重视不够,并针对性地提出相应对策,从提高高校信任度、规范高校捐赠机制和促进高校捐赠网络建设等三方面入手推进高校社会捐赠的发展。     

器官捐献的公民教育研究

被誉为20世纪的"医学之巅"的人体器官移植技术,是治疗终末期疾病的最有效的方法。理应有更多的患者受益于器官移植技术的进步,但器官供体严重不足却成了制约"科学技术造福于人类"的"瓶颈"。器官捐献属于"利他善行",它已经超出了医学范围本身。只有广泛开展与之相关的"公民教育",才能进一步解决我国供体匮乏问题。     

试论互助献血的困惑与出路

互助献血在保障急救和临床医疗用血方面发挥了积极作用,同时也存在制度层面、操作层面上的问题.文章拟在解读涉及互助献血的相关法律法规的基础上,分析、总结目前我国互助献血存在的问题及其原因,并有针对性地提出解决建议,以期改变互助献血的混乱局面,提高公众无偿献血意识,保障临床用血的供应和质量.