伤害胎儿行为刑事处理问题研究

目前我国的刑法体系无法包容伤害胎儿的行为,从狭义的伤害胎儿行为出发,对我国实践中伤害胎儿行为处理办法和理论争议进行总结和评析,以承认出生后为活体的“人”在胎儿时期的生命和健康是一项刑法法益为前提,提出了增设故意伤害胎儿罪的主张,并对故意伤害罪的构成要件和罪名安排进行了具体的设想。     

两淮盐商与清代社会公益事业

两淮盐商是清代最大的商业资本集团之一,拥有巨额商业利润的两淮盐商,其资本流向是多方面的,捐助社会公益事业就是其中之一.他们在获取巨额利润后,积极回馈社会,将大量财富投资于修路造桥、救灾济荒、抚孤恤贫及捐资助学等,为清代民间社会公益事业的发展做出了贡献.     

A Child Wanted by Two,Conceived by Several: Lesbian-Parent Families Negotiating Procreation with a Known Donor

This article presents procreation agreement negotiations and the role played by men taking part as known donors in the parental project of lesbian mothers in the province of Quebec, Canada. Thirty-six individuals were interviewed: 10 female couples, 11 donors, and 5 of the donors’ life partners. The results show that the donors’ contribution takes place within a deliberative process during which the adults involved discuss 5 elements, namely (a) the procreation method selected, (b) the issue of future donations, (c) the forms of address and the role of the donor in the life of the children issuing from his donations, (d) the possible involvement of the donor's loved ones in the life of the lesbian-parent family, and (e) responses to various scenarios that might arise in the future. The negotiation also addresses concerns that those involved might have regarding the children's needs, resulting in a complex web of interpersonal relationships. Our findings show that dialogue is the key unifying factor, ensuring that everyone is in agreement and that the donor's role with respect to the child is in line with the expectations of everyone involved.     

Time and Financial Transfers Within and Beyond the Family

Research on time and financial transfers is often conducted along two distinct lines—transfers within the family and transfers beyond the family—without considering the fact that these transfers are actually interrelated. Using longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), this article investigates the links between the two groups of transfers. Transfers within and beyond the family were found to be complements. Income and wealth are strong predictors of financial transfers. Black and Hispanic families lag systematically in the generosity to help the people both within and beyond their families.     

非等额高额补偿的活体器官捐献机制初探

现行的活体器官捐献机制主要为亲属间的无偿捐献,这在实践中暴露出许多弊端。为此,我们提出政府监控下高额补偿的活体器官捐献机制。这一制度不仅具有伦理学和经济学上的正当性,而且能解决实践中的许多问题。设计补偿金额之确认机制,并对政府严格监控下的等额和非等额补偿机制进行比较,可以发现非等额补偿机制具有更多的优越性,更符合法律"自由、公正和效率"的原则与理念。     

Predicting behaviour: comparing the performance of factual versus attitudinal approaches

Despite years of refinement and improvement to questionnaire design, the need remains to identify effective, but ‘user-friendly’ questioning procedures to predict behaviour, without compromising predictive performance. Questionnaires developed to predict behaviour typically use an attitudinal approach. However, those types of questionnaires are associated with increased respondent fatigue, decreased question comprehension, opposition to question tone and demand effects. An alternative approach involves use of factual questions. This study compares ease of application in the field as well as predictive performance of the two approaches to questionnaire design in the context of predicting willingness to donate blood. Results indicate that factual questions are quicker and easier to apply in the field than attitudinal questions, while predictive performance of the approaches is equivalent.     

Impacts of HIV/AIDS on poor and socially marginalised former commercial plasma donors in rural central China: social work implications

Little is known about the impact of HIV/AIDS on people who acquired the virus through former commercial plasma donations in the mid-1990s in rural Central China. The objective of this study was to examine socioeconomic impacts associated with HIV/AIDS on poor farm workers and their families, with a particular focus on economic hardships and social exclusion. The findings from 30 interviews reveal the profound effects of deteriorating health on labour power loss. The well-being of people living with HIV/AIDS was immensely affected by the loss of income, debts due to health-related expenses and a lack of alternate sources of income. Social exclusion and HIV/AIDS-related stigma remain significant issues in a workplace, funerals, and weddings. This article highlights the economic impacts of HIV/AIDS on China’s rural population and provides recommendations for social workers to mitigate the impacts of social exclusion on vulnerable rural households in China.     

孵化条件不良引起的鸡胚胎病及预防

孵化条件是鸡只胚胎发育的外部温热因素，同时也是影响鸡只生产力的重要因素，有效地控制孵化条件，可以预防鸡的胚胎病，提高出雏率和健雏率。     

从政府劝募到企业购买社会组织服务——政府、企业和社会组织的关系研究

企业购买社会工作服务是指企业依据相关章程,利用专项资金,采取市场化、契约化的方式,面向具有专业能力的社会组织购买社会工作服务的行为与规范的总和。与“政府劝募”相对比,“企业购买社会工作服务”具有市场化、契约化以及企业参与等显著特点。基于个案分析与问卷调查,论题提出了企业参与公共服务应从“政府劝募”走向“企业购买”,并指出政府、企业、社会组织应建立平等互惠的协作关系。     

考虑捐赠行为的食品动态定价策略研究

由于质量控制不当和库存过多导致的浪费是企业管理易腐食品面临的主要挑战。针对当前食品浪费严重的问题，建立考虑变质率的动态定价模型，研究捐赠行为下单一定价、两次定价与多级折扣定价三种定价策略对食品企业最优决策的影响。通过数值分析，发现捐赠行为能够提升企业利润且在多级折扣定价策略下效果更为显著，但当折扣次数较少时，单一定价策略对考虑捐赠的企业而言更优；食品最初质量、变质率、打折时间点、捐赠时间点、税收返回比率均是影响企业定价决策的重要因素；若质量差异越大，企业在多级折扣定价策略下的利润会减少，而考虑捐赠行为会使得企业利润呈上升趋势；在变质率越高时，考虑捐赠的单一定价策略会降低企业的利润，但对多级折扣定价策略下的利润影响不大；当折扣时间越接近于捐赠时间点时，基于捐赠行为的多级折扣定价策略会更优；当捐赠时间点越接近于保质期时，考虑捐赠的价格策略会优于不考虑捐赠时的价格策略。此外，研究还表明增加税收返回比率对考虑捐赠下的定价策略不一定是有利的。