体外胚胎的基因遗传权保护问题探析————兼评“江苏无锡冷冻胚胎案”

体外胚胎作为现代医疗科学技术发展的产物,在改变人类生殖体系的同时,引发了一系列亟待解决的相关法律问题。通过对目前国内相关学者所提出的“主体说”“客体说”和“中介说”等学说的批判性思考,揭示其在理论层面的局限性,从而得以否定以上三种学说的合理性。而后从伦理学、法理以及比较法等角度对该问题进行系统性的论述,揭示体外胚胎的法律地位,即人格利益属性。在该定性的基础之上,借助于有关学者提出的基因权理论,最终将体外胚胎界定为基因遗传权的客体。因此,有必要对江苏无锡冷冻胚胎案的裁判结果予以重新审视。同时,建议在立法层面建立起体外胚胎基因遗传权的法律保护体系,完善侵害基因遗传权的救济措施,以实现对体外胚胎基因遗传权的法律保护。     

Rethinking Women and Their Bodies in the Age of Biotechnology: Feminist Commentaries on the Hwang Affair

Many Korean women felt strongly positive about donating their eggs for Hwang Woo Suk’s research, in spite of the fact that Hwang was accused of fraud. It is said that there is a kind of unique ‘egg donation culture’ among Korean women, which urged them to donate their eggs for his research. However, positing such a Korean ‘egg donation culture’ does not seem to give a sufficient explanation of why so many Korean women were seemingly willing to provide their own eggs for Hwang’s research. Instead, we suggest that egg donation issues in the Hwang affair can be interpreted under the paradoxical context, in which Korean women are situated in the age of biotechnology. On the one hand, the invisibility of women as subjects in the public sphere led to their lack of social control over ova trafficking and made it possible for a huge number of eggs to be supplied secretly for Hwang’s team. The patriarchal structure of family, the myth of economic growth, and the restricted activities of feminist organizations are possible contributors to the invisibility of Korean women. On the other hand, in the practices of bodily technologies such as cosmetic surgery and reproductive technologies, Korean women have been highly visible. With the help of those technological instruments, women have been empowered to own their own bodies and to have them at their disposal. We argue that these dualistic realities of women as egg owners can explain the egg donation culture among Korean women in the Hwang affair.

CMOS环型压控振荡器的设计

设计和分析了一种高稳定度、低噪声的CMOS环型压控振荡器。该电路具有较低的压控增益,较好的线性范围,较低的相位噪声。应用复制偏置电路,对差分环型压控振荡器的控制电压进行复制,通过对压控振荡器相位噪声的计算和分析,以提高对环型压控振荡器电源电压噪声和衬底噪声的抑制。该设计和分析是基于上华0.5μmCMOS工艺,当控制电压从1～3V变化时,相应的振荡频率为100～500MHz;在偏离中心频率1kHz、10kHz、100kHz和1MHz频率处得到的相位噪声分别为?50dBc/Hz、?75dBc/Hz、?98dBc/Hz和?120dBc/Hz。     

乌龟外周血细胞在光镜和扫描电镜下的结构

本文报道了乌龟血细胞的形态结构 ,血涂片经过染色 ,可鉴定出红细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、单核细胞、淋巴细胞、血栓细胞等七种细胞 ;还见到未成熟的和正在分裂的红细胞 ,提示红细胞也可在血液中通过间接分裂产生 .在扫描电镜下 ,红细胞长椭圆形 ,表面光滑 ,无突起 ;而各种白细胞为圆形 ,细胞表面不平 ,具有各种突起 ,提示白细胞具有活跃的变形运动和吞噬能力     

体外胚胎的法律属性与处置权

随着人类辅助生殖科技的飞速发展,体外受精-胚胎移植技术给饱受不孕之苦的夫妇带来了福音.与此同时,因这项技术而产生纠纷的案件也随之增多.但是,我国现有法律并未明确体外胚胎的法律属性,从而造成法官在判决过程中缺少合理的支撑.因此,明确体外胚胎的所有权、处置权和继承权是十分必要和迫切的.目前,理论学界对体外胚胎的法律属性主要分为主体说、客体说和中介说.中介说看似避免了主体说和客体说的不足,实际上并未对体外胚胎作出清晰具体的解释.体外胚胎是具有基因唯一性、应受到特殊尊重与保护的伦理物.为了社会资源分配公平,建议我国对体外胚胎的保存期限定为婚姻存续期间且女性生育年龄内.     

国产手机企业发展竞争力探析

目前,国内手机企业的发展局势表现为三分天下的竞争格局。国产手机发展尽管在很多方面具有竞争优势,也取得了可喜的成绩,但与国外洋品牌相比,在核心技术、质量、营销能力、售后服务等多方面还存在问题。为了让国产手机企业把握机会,改变现状,提升企业竞争力,实现国产手机企业稳定快速发展,应在内涵建设、市场开拓、竞争力战略等方面制定发展措施。     

吸烟对免疫功能的影响

本文就烟草在吸燃过程中产生的有害物质对免疫功能的影响,并阐述吸烟对人体的危害。     

棘腹蛙性腺的发育与周年变化

本文讨论了湘西棘腹蛙的性腺发育与性腺成熟系数的季节变化。实验材料来自204只幼蛙和成蛙（其中雌蛙122只,雄蛙82只）。卵巢的发育可分为6期,雌性的性成熟年龄为3年;精巢的发育可分为5期,雄性的性成熟年龄为2年。每年的5～8月为棘腹蛙的繁殖季节。同时,在文章中也描述了发育各期生殖细胞的主要形态结构。     

Experiences of Families Inquiring About Donating or Adopting Embryos: Results of an Online Survey

Four hundred thirty-four individuals who had previously inquired with the National Embryo Donation Center (NEDC) or Nightlight Christian Adoptions about donating or adopting embryos responded to an online survey regarding which issues had been raised with them during their inquiry and how well they perceived NEDC and/or Nightlight had answered their questions regarding those issues. In general, respondents perceived that the operational issues surrounding donating or adopting embryos received more attention than the longer-term issues involving family dynamics and relationships. Overall, the inquirers were pleased with the responses to their questions (average >8 on a satisfaction scale of 1–10).     

Counterexamples in unbalanced two-way analysis of variance

Recommended methods for analyzing unbalanced two-way data may be classified into two major categories:the parametric interpretation approach and the model comparison approach. Each approach has its advantages and its drawbacks. The main drawback of the parametric interpretation approach is non-orthogonality.For the model comparison approach the main drawback is the dependence of the hypothesis tested on the cell sizes. In this paper we provide examples to illustrate these drawbacks.