关于推进我国由核大国向核强国迈进的探讨与思考

论文阐述了推进我国核大国向核强国迈进的背景、规划、核战略产业、军民融合海陆空领域的发展。首先题解我国核大国、强国的顶层设计、国外背景、10大产业的大国强国方向;进而阐明了我国已步入核电大国行列,在役在建设核电站进入世界第三位,但核电在国际国内能源、电力中比重很小,迈向核电强国任务艰巨;进而阐明举全国之力做强我国核工业,建设更先进的核潜艇,研发中国战略重器核航空母舰;建立强大有后处理的核燃料循环,打造“中国造”华龙1号,全产业链走出去;实施一批重大工程建设,推动核科技进步,继续研发、部署小堆项目建设;抓紧以核电代煤、治霾、减碳、供热的开发工作;加大核科技在农学、医学、科研、军工的应用。认真贯彻《核安全法》确保核工业安全发展,健全完善核应急体系,推动核安保能力提升,不断完善核安全结构和核安全系统的顶层设计,保障核工业安全万无一失。抓好军民深度融合国家战略发展,军民对接,使命承担,发展军民融合产业。     

核设施运营单位的核应急能力评估指标体系构建

核设施运营单位的核应急能力评价是核设施运营单位风险评估及核应急管理的重要内容,构建核设施运营单位的核应急能力评价体系可以提升核设施运营单位的核应急响应能力和管理能力。在对某4个核设施运营单位的20位专家进行两轮咨询的基础上,结合已有国内外研究成果,并采用临界值法对评价指标进行筛选,建立了一个包含3项一级指标,13项二级指标,38项三级指标的核设施运营单位核应急能力评价指标体系。指标体系综合考虑了影响核设施运营单位的核应急能力的主要因素,涵盖了核设施运营单位的核应急工作的各个方面,且各指标之间相对独立,操作方便,实施起来简单易行,可协助发现核设施营运单位在应急响应能力方面存在的问题,对核设施运营单位的核应急能力建设起到积极的促进作用。     

论新时期党内监督的机制创新

改革开放40年来,中国共产党党内监督制度不断完善,但仍存在有效供给不足、参与方式单一、常态化参与机制缺乏和内部控制不规范等问题。这些问题不仅阻碍我国民主政治建设的发展,也引发新的社会矛盾和社会问题。在党的“依法执政、民主执政、科学执政”的治国理念下,党内监督应坚持合法性、导向性、科学性、规范性、平等性、协商性和可操作性原则。建立网络引导和监督机制、党员全程协商民主参与突发事件预警与快速处置机制、党员自发防范境内外敌对势力渗入机制、党内监督参与指标的综合模态化评价机制以及加强党和国家监督体系的制度性建设等方面进行全面和深度改革,是党内监督体制机制创新的重要内容。     

习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想认同机制研究

促进人民群众对习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的认同,是当前重大理论和实践问题.而构建动力机制、健全引导机制、完善保障机制有利于强化对习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的认同.构建动力机制,需要以实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦激发认同的情感动力,以让人民群众有更多获得感、幸福感、安全感增强认同的利益动力,以理论的科学性增加认同的思想动力;健全引导机制,需要以理论研究为支撑,完善教育机制;以正确舆论为导向,强化宣传机制;以阵地建设为平台,健全导向机制;完善保障机制,需要壮大经济基础,突出利益认同;健全民主政治,增强政治认同;坚持文化自信,强化价值认同;夯实民生基础,巩固社会认同;推进绿色发展,提升生态认同.     

税务信息管理权与保护权的冲突与平衡

实践中税务机关与纳税人在信息采集、保有及使用方面存在激烈冲突。究其原因在于公权力与私权利冲突具有必然性、税务信息的权利（力）边界不明且经济性日益凸显及税务机关信息管理的责任机制不健全。借鉴域外经验,中国税务机关信息管理权与纳税人信息保护权的平衡之道在于限制公权力并进一步保障私权利,坚持税收法定、个人权利保护及狭义比例等原则。具体而言,需明确税务机关信息管理权与纳税人信息保护权的范围,构建税务信息分层管理机制,严格化税务机关信息管理的程序,完善纳税人信息的争端解决机制与违法取用纳税人信息的责任机制并加强对税务机关信息管理权的监督,促进税务信息领域的公权力与私权利从冲突中走向平衡。     

Three‐Stage Decision‐Making Model under Restricted Conditions for Emergency Response to Ships Not under Control

A ship that is not under control (NUC) is a typical incident that poses serious problems when in confined waters close to shore. The emergency response to NUC ships is to select the best risk control options, which is a challenge in restricted conditions (e.g., time limitation, resource constraint, and information asymmetry), particularly in inland waterway transportation. To enable a quick and effective response, this article develops a three‐stage decision‐making framework for NUC ship handling. The core of this method is (1) to propose feasible options for each involved entity (e.g., maritime safety administration, NUC ship, and ships passing by) under resource constraint in the first stage, (2) to select the most feasible options by comparing the similarity of the new case and existing cases in the second stage, and (3) to make decisions considering the cooperation between the involved organizations by using a developed Bayesian network in the third stage. Consequently, this work provides a useful tool to achieve well‐organized management of NUC ships.     

80后农民工的城市就业现状与对策建议

分析了80后农民工在城市的就业特征,主要从四方面提出了对策建议:建立健全80后农民工就业的社会保障机制;改革创新80后农民工就业培训模式;为农民工塑造良好的工作环境;构建农民工双向流迁就业体系。     

Children in immediate danger: Emergency removals in Finnish and Irish child protection

This paper presents a qualitative analysis of front‐line practices regarding emergency removals in Finnish and Irish child protection. It examines how the responses to children's immediate danger are framed by legislation and how front‐line practitioners assess the child's situation and make emergency placement decisions. The data consist of interviews with 16 Irish and 33 Finnish social workers. These child welfare protection systems respond differently to a task that appears to be similar. The Irish team‐based practice rests on the social workers' shared assessment of the child's needs, and the formal decision is made by the courts (or police officers at night‐time); and the Finnish practice involves only one single social worker who makes both the assessment and the removal decision. The Irish system is tightly time regulated, whereas the Finnish system provides a more flexible time frame. Both approaches put a lot of stress on social workers' practice, which also includes creative workarounds (e.g., “planned emergency removals” in Finland). Future research will need to explore these features from the point of view of a child's right to protection.     

Bittersweet and Paradoxical

The American Red Cross is the most active nonprofit organization involved in disaster planning and response in the United States. The organization deployed nearly 50,000 volunteers to provide essential support to victims of some 125,000 domestic disasters, including home fires, hurricanes, wildfires, and floods, in a recent two‐year period. This study asks how American Red Cross disaster response volunteer experiences function to cultivate satisfaction and, at the other end of the spectrum, the kind of dissatisfaction that leads people to quit; it pays particular attention to ways in which volunteer management shapes dissatisfaction and fatigue because of implications for volunteer retention. Paradoxically, the Red Cross facilitates the highly satisfying act of helping victims, but volunteers feel dissatisfied when management practices get in the way of helping. The study suggests voluntary organizations that rely on skilled, long‐term volunteers to deliver services should evaluate and strengthen their communication strategies, recognition practices, and support systems for volunteers in distress.     

“无直接利益冲突”的网络发生机制

近年来,"无直接利益冲突"现象在我国似乎形成一种所谓"涟漪效应",其产生的深层根源在于社会分配的不公平及与之相联系的群体异质不公平感的普遍存在;其次也与利益表达机制的不畅通有关。在其产生的过程中,事件触发与演化的关联性往往是通过驱动机制、认同机制、社会比较与自我展示机制和说服争辩机制交互作用表现出来的。在信息时代,"无直接利益冲突"的这些相关发生机制往往与网络极化效应直接相关,即"无直接利益冲突"极易导致网络极化效应的产生,而网络极化效应也促使了"无直接利益冲突"的扩散。而这种双向互动的过程,正是"无直接利益冲突"网络发生机制的作用过程。由此,应给予充分重视。