Toward an Understanding of the Influence of Cultural Background and Domain Experience on the Effects of Risk‐Pricing Formats on Risk Perception

Risk‐information framing can be a powerful tool for aiding the communication of risk and improving decision making. However, little work has investigated the extent that these framing effects depend on the characteristics of the perceiver. In our study, we examine whether the effects of different risk‐pricing formats on risky choices are the same for all individuals, no matter their domain experience or cultural background, or whether there are interactions between these factors. Survey 1 revealed that three risk‐pricing formats of the same choice problem resulted in the same individuals making different risky choices (preference reversal), suggesting that risk perception was distorted by the risk‐pricing format manipulation. In Survey 2, the effects of the risk‐pricing formats were shown to differ by the participants’ cultural background (Asian vs. European) and the extent of their domain experience. The fact that there were no differences between the cultural or domain experience groups in their overall tendency to select riskier (cf. safer) choices indicates that risk behavior differences between groups are often closely linked to perceptual, rather than simply attitudinal, cognitive processes. The results demonstrate the complex, interactive cognitive processes that are used to encode risk information, involving the framing of the information and the cultural background and previous experiences of the individual. We conclude that it is important to consider the characteristics of the individual (e.g., culture, domain experience, etc.) when manipulating risk‐information framing with the aim of improving risk communication.     

A likelihood ratio like permutation test for one way designs

We consider permutation tests based on a likelihood ratio like statistic for the one way or k sample design used in an example in Kolassa and Robinson [(2011), ‘Saddlepoint Approximations for Likelihood Ratio Like Statistics with Applications to Permutation Tests’, Annals of Statistics, 39, 3357–3368]. We give explicitly the region in which the statistic exists, obtaining results which permit calculation of the statistic on the boundary of this region. Numerical examples are given to illustrate improvement in the power of the tests compared to the classical statistics for long-tailed error distributions and no loss of power for normal error distributions.     

人体对手机辐射吸收剂量的仿真研究

基于时域有限差分法在两种电磁辐射源作用下,对人体组织的局部比吸收量分布进行了数值分析计算,并利用三维数值电磁仿真软件对人体局部的比吸收率分布进行了仿真分析计算。结果表明,人体组织对电磁辐射吸收剂量的分布极不均匀,它与辐射频率、辐射强度、暴露时间以及人体组织的导电率、介电常数等多种参数有关。仿真研究表明减少手机表面电流、避开人体谐振频率可以减少人体的比吸收率。     

宽脉冲时域反射网络线缆测试方法研究

针对窄脉冲时域反射法存在的测试盲区问题,结合网络传输信号无地差分的特性,提出了一种采用宽脉冲差分探测信号的线缆测试方法。该方法可以测试网络线缆的长度,判断故障的类别,并很好地解决了测试盲区问题。该文在介绍该方法的基础上,提出了使用该方法设计的网络线缆测试仪的硬件结构,并对其中的脉冲产生与回波处理模块进行了详细的分析。最后,给出了使用该测试仪进行网络线缆测试的实验结果,并对结果进行了分析。结果表明,该方法稳定可靠,具有实用价值。     

Reducing Risk Through Real Options in Systems Design: The Case of Architecting a Maritime Domain Protection System

Complex engineering systems are usually designed to last for many years. Such systems will face many uncertainties in the future. Hence the design and deployment of these systems should not be based on a single scenario, but should incorporate flexibility. Flexibility can be incorporated in system architectures in the form of options that can be exercised in the future when new information is available. Incorporating flexibility comes, however, at a cost. To evaluate if this cost is worth the investment a real options analysis can be carried out. This approach is demonstrated through analysis of a case study of a previously developed static system-of-systems for maritime domain protection in the Straits of Malacca. This article presents a framework for dynamic strategic planning of engineering systems using real options analysis and demonstrates that flexibility adds considerable value over a static design. In addition to this it is shown that Monte Carlo analysis and genetic algorithms can be successfully combined to find solutions in a case with a very large number of possible futures and system designs.     

集成CAE系统的几个特点

讨论了集成CAE系统的几个共同特征域独立,透明,并行与平滑.同时考虑了这些特征与接口标准化,安全性,设计最优化,界面可视化之间相应的关系.     

日本解决域名纠纷实务与规则研究

通过介绍日本关于解决域名纠纷的相关法律、规则、流程以及典型案例,可以了解到日本在域名纠纷的处理上的一些做法,对我国解决域名纠纷可以起到一定的借鉴参考作用。     

魏晋南北朝诗体通感生成结构探微

本文以通感的语义框架、母体结构式为参照，对魏晋时期的通感进行断代考察。受五言古体诗格局的限制，这一时期的通感结构多为母体结构式之变式。明喻、暗喻式通感的诸种省略式均有前景化语用审美功能。同时指出，这一时期通感已成为短语衍生机制之一，一些特定语境临时组合的通感短语，至唐宋时期已由语用化走向语法化，固化为词汇。     

求函数值域的技巧方法探讨

求函数值域问题是数学教学中难点问题之一 ,探讨归纳了几种解决这类问题的方法。     

构式与意象图式

以Goldberg为代表的构式语法理论虽已成为国际语言学界关注的热点,但是有个很本质的问题,至今尚缺乏讨论,那就是:构式义的性质是什么?为什么构式本身会具有独立于词语的意义?本文旨在说明以下两个问题:第一,构式是人的认知域所形成的意象图式在语言中的投射,构式义就来源于人的认知域里所形成的意象图式。第二,构式并不像Goldberg所说的那样具有多义性。构式与我们通常所说的句式不同,句式可以具有多义性,而构式由于它是"形式—意义的对应体"(form-meaning pair),对构式的这一界定决定了构式具有单义性的特点。