Using Panel Data to Understand the Dynamics of Human Behavior in Response to Flooding

Insights into the dynamics of human behavior in response to flooding are urgently needed for the development of effective integrated flood risk management strategies, and for integrating human behavior in flood risk modeling. However, our understanding of the dynamics of risk perceptions, attitudes, individual recovery processes, as well as adaptive (i.e., risk reducing) intention and behavior are currently limited because of the predominant use of cross-sectional surveys in the flood risk domain. Here, we present the results from one of the first panel surveys in the flood risk domain covering a relatively long period of time (i.e., four years after a damaging event), three survey waves, and a wide range of topics relevant to the role of citizens in integrated flood risk management. The panel data, consisting of 227 individuals affected by the 2013 flood in Germany, were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA and latent class growth analysis (LCGA) to utilize the unique temporal dimension of the data set. Results show that attitudes, such as the respondents’ perceived responsibility within flood risk management, remain fairly stable over time. Changes are observed partly for risk perceptions and mainly for individual recovery and intentions to undertake risk-reducing measures. LCGA reveal heterogeneous recovery and adaptation trajectories that need to be taken into account in policies supporting individual recovery and stimulating societal preparedness. More panel studies in the flood risk domain are needed to gain better insights into the dynamics of individual recovery, risk-reducing behavior, and associated risk and protective factors.     

金融创新背景下个体网络借贷犯罪行为的认定

个体网络借贷发展迅速,但监管缺失导致了该行业的畸形发展,刑事风险攀升。《关于促进互联网金融健康发展的指导意见》首次对个体网络借贷做出规定,意义重大。个体网络借贷中债权转让和平台担保两种模式游走于罪与非罪的模糊地带,在相关立法和司法解释出台前,对这两种平台经营模式,刑法应该保持谦抑,谨慎介入。     

现代汉语语气词意义主观性的主体差异--以《雷雨》为例

文章旨在探讨说话人在使用现代汉语语气词表达主观意义时的主体差异。研究表明:表达主观意义的语言手段多种多样,说话人为了实现交际目的需对其进行选择,这种语言选择会受到各种主客观因素和话语功能的影响。文章尝试以语言主观性为理论基础, 建立现代汉语语气词意义主观性的分析模式,然后对《雷雨》中语气词意义主观性的主体差异进行了个案分析。      

顾客非理性消费行为机理探析

非理性消费已经成为零售企业利润的重要来源,得到学术界的普遍关注。认为顾客非理性消费行为是受到内在的、最本质的特殊顾客需要驱使而产生的不合理行为,揭示了驱动顾客非理性消费行为的顾客需要,并探讨了情绪状态因素调节顾客需要与顾客非理性消费行为关系的作用机理。基于416份问卷的调查结果,社交需要、释压需要和求廉需要是驱使顾客产生非理性消费行为的主要内在动因,情绪对特殊的顾客需要具有不同的调节作用。旨在丰富顾客非理性消费行为的知识,为商家实施目标营销、新服务开发提供重要理论支持。     

英语教学中学生积极情感态度的培养

高中英语新课程标准把"关注情感态度,提高人文素养"作为基本理念之一。着重探讨如何结合高中英语新教材,把培养和发展学生的情感态度融入到教育教学之中。     

潜藏在水下的冰山——《终成眷属》中的召唤结构

《终成眷属》的表层存在“爱情与偏见”的冲突。但从结构、情感两个层面分析后,我们可以从表层的冲突中发现伊瑟尔的“召唤结构”,这给我们提供了另一种审美空间,有助于更好地理解作品的主题。     

农户个体决策与农民经济组织的内生性——超边际视角下的农民经济组织

单个农户在分工协作中能够获得"1 1>2"的分工经济,通过特定的经济组织来安排单个农户的分工协作就会实现这种分工经济。但是,组织中的单个农户与其他经济主体必然存在着交易费用。当交易费用超过了分工协作的经济性,单个农户就不会选择加入经济组织。地方政府往往不能充分理解单个农户对经济组织中交易费用和相对价格的考虑,这导致了大多数农户不愿选择加入"模式"型的经济组织。因此,地方政府要以自身的分工特征合理融入农民经济组织发展的各个阶段。     

试论艾青诗歌创作中的宗教情感

艾青诗歌中表现了“救世者”、“创世者”的宗教情感,这种情感的形成对其诗歌创作产生了积极的影响,是其社会思想、审美思想、道德情感的具体表现,使其诗歌具有世代感和使命感.     

Emotional Regulation and Display in Classroom Victims of Bullying: Characteristic Expressions of Affect, Coping Styles and Relevant Contextual Factors

Research suggests that victims of bullying may lack skills in emotional regulation, a process which facilitates coping with provocative situations to lessen the stress of negative emotions (Cicchetti, Ackerman, & Izard, 1995). The present study examined the emotional regulation and display patterns of victims during classroom bullying episodes. Children in grades one through six were observed during free play in the winter and spring of three consecutive school years. Results of the study indicated that the coping styles observed in victims of bullying can be grouped into two distinct clusters: 1) problem-solving strategies that are associated with the de-escalation and resolution of bullying episodes; and 2) aggressive strategies that tend to perpetuate and escalate the bullying interaction. Parallels were found between victims' and bullies' emotional displays. Results are discussed in the context of how maladaptive emotional regulation processes may act as risk factors for chronic victimization.     

Emotion Regulation in Low-income Preschoolers

The present study was concerned with identifying the causes of low-income preschoolers' negative emotions and their most common regulation responses. The relations of family socialization practices and temperament to the children's emotion regulation skills were also examined. Ninety predominantly minority low-income preschoolers (46 boys) and their mothers participated. During visits to the children's preschools, observers watched for expressions of anger and sadness, and recorded the causes of the displays and the children's reactions. Mothers reported on their emotion socialization and discipline practices and their children's temperament. Although the children expressed more anger than sadness, they used more constructive reactions in response to sadness and more non-constructive reactions in response to anger. Maternal reports of appropriate family emotion were associated with low levels of non-constructive regulation responses to anger and sadness whereas reports of inconsistent parental discipline were generally associated with non-constructive regulation responses. All in all, the findings of this study are in accord with findings on middle-income children and indicate that low- and middle-income children are more alike than different with regard to the regulation of negative emotion in the peer environment.