沧桑百年中国民族学学者情感嬗变初探

中国民族学的成长与发展已有百年历史,其历程可谓坎坷曲折,饱经沧桑。可以说它是中国社会近现代乃至当代的发展变化的缩影。情随事迁,中国民族学学者伴随学科的沧桑百年,历阅无数彷徨与欣喜,或上下求索,或悲喜交加,或任重道远,或踌躇满志,点点滴滴,一路风雨兼程,在社会变革与审美情趣的转变中经历着自身的情感嬗变。     

民间信仰的情感之维与村庄公共生活的整合——以桂北村落为考察对象

从桂北农民基于信仰基础的情感视角来考量村庄公共生活中的行动者,可以发现并理解传统民间信仰在当代村庄公共生活中发挥整合功能的抽象机理。通过把集体仪式嵌入村庄的日常生活中,并不断在人们情绪高昂的时刻唤醒内心深处的亲情,村民们形成了将子孙绵延的情感之链作为生命依托的意义系统,而兄弟与村友则成为在同一块土地上延续永恒的同道者。通过以丧礼为代表的情感宣泄机制,人们直觉到村庄共同体的存在,并产生出宗教般的神圣感,它型塑了全体村民对于村庄的深切认同与情感依恋,使得他们在村庄公共生活中甘心付出,并主动承担责任.     

情感教育对英语教学的启示

认知因素和情感因素是教学的信息传输和接受过程的重要影响因素。英语是知识与情感的统一体,也是进行情感教育的重要阵地。英语教师要善于发挥情感的感染、感召、思想引领等教育功能,以提高英语教学质量。教师可以发挥自身情感的作用,善于创设富有情感的教学环境,充分挖掘英语教材中蕴涵的情感因素,建立融洽和谐的师生交流渠道,构建学生情感发展的平台。     

ADAPTING THE MODEL: THERAPEUTIC WORK WITH CHILDREN FROM ARMY FAMILIES

This paper describes the development of a specialised therapeutic service for parents and their young children in an inner city social services family centre. The Under five's counselling service, based on the Tavistock Model, offers brief psychoanalytic interventions to parents who are worried about their young child's development e.g. crying, eating, persistent crying etc. The premise behind setting up such a service was to provide therapeutic intervention to the parent-child relationship at the earliest possible stage, preventing further ongoing difficulties. The paper draws upon observations and interventions with families I have seen in the first year the service was opened. Particular themes which emerged in the work with these families will be highlighted. In particular a link is made between early childhood difficulties and unresolved loss in the mother's lives. Furthermore, the impact of the service upon the rest of the social services family support services is commented upon.     

Abuse of disabled children in Ghana

Even though disabled children are targets of various forms of abuse, such issues remain mostly undocumented open secrets in many countries including Ghana. The article is based on a qualitative data provided by three key informants. Six stories emerged from the data and are discussed in terms of four main forms of abuse. Labelling theories are employed to strengthen the discussions. The article is aimed at increasing awareness on the various forms of abuse experienced by disabled children in Ghana. The study is also meant to capture the attentions of stakeholders that have the responsibility to end abusive practices against disabled children in Ghana.     

European‐American and African‐American Mothers' Emotion Socialization Practices Relate Differently to Their Children's Academic and Social‐emotional Competence

The current study examines whether the relation between mothers' responses to their children's negative emotions and teachers' reports of children's academic performance and social‐emotional competence are similar or different for European‐American and African‐American families. Two hundred mothers (137 European‐American, 63 African‐American) reported on their responses to their five‐year‐old children's negative emotions and 150 kindergarten teachers reported on these children's current academic standing and skillfulness with peers. Problem‐focused responses to children's negative emotions, which have traditionally been considered a supportive response, were positively associated with children's school competence for European‐American children, but expressive encouragement, another response considered supportive, was negatively associated with children's competence for African‐American children. The findings highlight the need to examine parental socialization practices from a culturally specific lens.     

Conscription of children in armed conflict—a form of child abuse. A study of 19 former child soldiers

Armed combat in childhood is a form of child abuse. It may lead to serious consequences, including post‐traumatic stress disorder. The inherent emotional abuse and acts or omissions by caregivers may cause behavioural, cognitive, emotional or mental disorder in the child. Nineteen former child soldiers were interviewed in a rehabilitation centre using a standard questionnaire. Reasons for recruitment included: volunteered (18), hatred of enemy (revenge) (5), virtue of being a freedom fighter (martyrdom) (9), as a means of supporting their family (economic) (3). One child was abducted, 7 joined for fear of the ‘enemy’ abducting them, and in 5 a family member was killed by ‘enemy’ or own group. The children were involved in manual labour (15), guard duty (15), front‐line fighting (7), bomb manufacture (5), setting sea/land mines (5) and radio and communication (2). Fifteen were trained in firearms and 14 in self‐destruction. Twelve children attempted to or did run away and 11 refused to obey orders or argued. This led to various punishments, including kitchen duty, beatings, imprisonment, blackmail or death threats. A majority of the children felt sad and emotionally upset when they remembered their mother and family. Children's involvement in war, whatever the ‘justifications’ may be, should always be considered as forced, as they cannot truly comprehend their action in war. The responsibility must be taken by the adult caregivers. The following definition of the abuse of children in armed conflict is proposed: ‘The involvement of dependent, developmentally immature children and adolescents in armed conflict they do not truly comprehend, to which they are unable to give informed consent, and which adversely affects the child's right to unhindered growth and identity as a child’. Firm international agreement on guidelines for the lower age limit of recruitment of children into armed forces is required. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

轮和完全等二部图联图的若干染色问题

图的染色理论是图论的一个重要分支。本文使用分析的方法得到了轮和完全等二部图联图的全色数、均匀全色数和邻点可区别边色数。     

An Exploration of Family Violence Among the Homeless

Abstract

This research found a high incidence of family violence among homeless people. The most common form of violence was physical; the least common was sexual abuse. The data also reported a high percentage of violence among homeless people confronted with mental illness. The policy and practice implications for these findings are discussed.     

庞德"意象"的审美阐释

庞德是英语现代诗歌运动的发起者之一,所创造的意象主义理论为英语诗歌走上改革之路起到了推波助澜的作用.在他看来,"诗必须以意象为主","一个意象是在瞬间呈现出的一个理性与感情的复合体.‘这种复合体’的突然呈现给人以突然解放的感觉,不受时空限制的自由的感觉,一种我们在面对最伟大的艺术品时经受到突然长大了的感觉".