中国恩格尔系数下降原因新探

在使用恩格尔系数评价某个国家或地区某个阶段的生活贫富状况时，要结合恩格尔系数的具体影响因素，分清其下降的真正原因。论文从恩格尔系数的计算公式出发，认为它的基本影响因素是物价、品种数、各种消费品或劳务的购买量。利用因子分析法分析了导致居民恩格尔系数下降的五种可能的原因，并联系实际具体阐释。     

Assessing the cumulative effects of stress: The association between job stress and allostatic load in a large sample of Chinese employees

Job stress can lead to various system dysfunctions, but until now no reliable biomarkers for its assessment have been identified. Allostatic load (AL) is an index that enables the cumulative effect on the body of chronic stress to be assessed, and is derived from a set of relevant biological measures. In this study, a 13-parameter index (building on the original 10-item index) was used to examine the relationship between job strain and AL. Participants were 1219 healthy Chinese employees. Job strain was measured using the Job Content Questionnaire, and AL was assessed by various possible stress responses, including blood pressure, cholesterol, indicators of glucose metabolism, and hormone and inflammation markers. AL in the high job strain group differed sharply from that in the low job strain group. The AL score was positively associated with age and educational level. Several individual parameters also differed between the two groups. Men scored significantly higher on AL and cardiovascular and metabolic health outcomes, whereas for women the associations appeared in the biological indicators. Analyses indicated that decision latitude (DL) and job demands were significantly related to AL. Job demands correlated significantly with the primary biological indicators and DL with the secondary health outcomes. In conclusion, this study provides evidence of the value of measuring allostatic load in assessing the chronic effects of job stress.     

Identifying Dispersion Effects in Robust Design Experiments—Issues and Improvements

The two experimental methods most commonly used for reducing the effect of noise factors on a response of interest Y aim either to estimate a model of the variability (V(Y), or an associated function), that is transmitted by the noise factors, or to estimate a model of the ratio between the response (Y) and all the control and noise factors involved therein. Both methods aim to determine which control factor conditions minimise the noise factors' effect on the response of interest, and a series of analytical guidelines are established to reach this end. Product array designs allow robustness problems to be solved in both ways, but require a large number of experiments. Thus, practitioners tend to choose more economical designs that only allow them to model the surface response for Y. The general assumption is that both methods would lead to similar conclusions. In this article we present a case that utilises a design based on a product design and for which the conclusions yielded by the two analytical methods are quite different. This example casts doubt on the guidelines that experimental practice follows when using either of the two methods. Based on this example, we show the causes behind these discrepancies and we propose a number of guidelines to help researchers in the design and interpretation of robustness problems when using either of the two methods.     

理性选择理论的演变与法经济学的发展

作为法经济学理论基石的理性选择理论，其形成和演变在于对人类行为的基本假设以及不断修正这一基本假设。博弈论承认个人理性与集体理性之间的冲突，突破了信息完全和市场充分的假设，将信息成本和对策成本纳入到了理性选择的影响因素中，扩大了理性选择理论的适用范围。而行为法经济学从有限理性、有限意志、有限自利这一崭新的角度，弥补了理性选择理论的不足，揭开了法经济学的新一轮发展。     

企业生命周期不同阶段的员工感情承诺实证研究

文章以上海、南京和广东地区416家制造企业为样本,实证研究了企业生命周期不同阶段员工感情承诺的不同表现。研究结果表明,企业生命周期与员工感情承诺显著相关,企业快速发展阶段的感情承诺高于创业阶段和成熟阶段,衰退阶段员工感情承诺最低。企业国别因素对感情承诺没有显著影响,但是企业所有制对感情承诺影响较大。     

尉犁地名和柔然源流考

“尉犁”(包括天山北麓的“于娄”、“于赖”)地名源于(J)yrgir部落之名。“柔然”(虫柔蠕,蠕蠕,芮芮,茹茹)、“於尼讙”、“预龙”、“诸洛固”等部落联合体(政权)或部落名是(J)yrgir的不同音译形式。汉宣帝时该部曾移居焉耆及尉犁等地。相对稳定的社会环境,为该部的发展奠定了基础。在汉地先进的铁制农具、兵器、相关的制度文化以及塔里木盆地土著印欧语居民文化的影响下,亦加快了其社会发展进程。这是该部在两汉以后能得以崛起的重要原因。柔然是突厥语族群中最早信仰佛教的部落,柔然汗国还使用汉语年号,表明该部虽远在西域,却受到了汉文化的深刻影响。     

一种基于冗余小波变换的DT网格运动估计和运动补偿方法

网格划分和网格顶点的运动估计是基于不规则网格的视频压缩技术的关键。为了进一步提高网格运动估计和运动补偿的效果,在综合比较现有冗余小波变换域运动估计方法和适用规则网格的EMRMC算法的基础上,提出了一种新的基于不规则网格的运动估计和运动补偿算法,即在冗余小波变换域提取特征点和运动潜在区,网格顶点的运动估计采用结合运动潜在区的在时域进行块匹配的运动估计和运动补偿方法,而运动补偿则通过三角形仿射变换完成。同时还给出了冗余小波变换域提取运动潜在区的计算模板。理论分析和实验结果表明,该算法在补偿效果方面较前两种方法得到了改进。     

预算功能：一个权变理论基础的实证分析

文章以权变理论为基础,研究预算功能的前因及后果。根据新疆115个样本企业的有效问卷数据的统计分析,说明预算功能的发挥会受到许多权变因素的影响,不同的组织有不同的权变因素,从而预算的功能发挥也不同,预算管理的效果也会不同。     

重庆轻轨二号线运营不安全因素分析及对策

城市轨道交通近年来在我国得到了快速发展,其运营安全对城市的经济活动和市民的日常生活有举足轻重的影响。介绍重庆轻轨二号线的基本情况,从安全运营的角度分析运营中存在的问题,并据此提出相应的解决对策。     

GORE-TEX~与有机溶剂结合法在纺织品文物保护中的应用

部分纺织品文物在保护过程中不宜与水接触,或普通的保护方法不能满足实际操作的要求,因此需要寻找一种替代技术.本文介绍了采用微孔膜层压织物材料GORE-TEx@与有机溶剂结合法应用于纺织品文物保护的新型技术,并对GORE-TEx@材料及该新型技术的使用方案、应用方向和注意事项进行了总结.