两岸三地刑事判决书语言情感度比较

导入语、判决语、引用语三方面所用语言情感色彩在两岸三地刑事案判决书中是不同的.刑事判决书语言的情感序列为：香港＞澳门＞台湾＞内地.导致这种结果的原因大致有三个方面：传统文化与法系影响;对法权实现途径的语言认识;语言在法律适用过程中体现的人文关怀.内地刑事判决书应当汲取港澳台三地刑事判决书的长处,为建立和谐社会作出贡献.     

Popular and Rejected Children's Reasoning Regarding Negative Emotions in Social Situations: The Role of Gender

Two studies compared popular and rejected children's reasoning regarding social interactions involving negative emotions. The first study, with 23 rejected and 23 popular 10‐ to 11‐year‐olds, involved hypothetical social scenarios where a classmate ‘victim’ was likely to experience a negative emotion. Although popular and rejected children both recognized negative emotions and were equally likely to suggest helping behaviour to aid the victim, there were gender effects on the type of helping behaviour suggested. Specifically, popular girls were significantly more likely to offer comforting behaviour than advice whereas popular boys offered advice more than comfort; no such preferences were exhibited by the rejected children. Furthermore, popular girls were significantly more likely than other children to refer to emotional states when justifying their helping response. In the second study, 30 popular and 30 rejected eight‐ to 10‐year‐olds identified the motives behind story characters' efforts to mask negative emotions. Popular girls were more likely to identify the target motives than rejected girls, but no such difference was apparent for the boys. The results are discussed in the light of evidence regarding gender differences in peer interaction patterns.     

论政治效能感的作用机制及其培养

论述了政治效能感的含义和意义,即政治效能感是指个体对自己能否影响政治活动的能力的信念或信心.政治效能感的高低会影响到一个国家政治文明的程度,影响到国家的政治稳定和政治民主化的实现.进一步详尽分析了政治效能感的作用机制:它能影响个体的政治选择过程;影响个体对政治活动的思维过程;影响个体执行政治活动的动机过程;影响个体对政治环境的情绪唤醒过程.相应地提出了培养政治效能感的途径:构建成功经验;重视积极的替代经验;实施现实化的言语劝说;控制负性情绪唤醒.     

Emotional harm and neglect: the legal response

This paper reports on a study of the extent to which child protection applications brought to the Melbourne Children's Court in Victoria, Australia, were based on emotional/psychological harm or neglect of a child and what factors were presented as evidence of harm or neglect. The study examined records of 208 court‐ordered pre‐trial conferences heard in the court between February and July 2002. What was found was that, although cases involving emotional abuse have increased in terms of child protection applications, they remain cases that are difficult to decide. While in 1998/9 emotional harm was a ground in 25.7% of child protection matters completed in the Family Division of the Children's Court of Victoria, legal decision‐makers are reluctant to make a finding of child abuse in these cases because there is less accuracy in the determination of emotional harm and negligible legal criteria available to guide decision‐making. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Services for troubled adolescents: exploring user variation

This paper outlines some of the main findings from an exploratory study of a sample of 257 adolescents living in children's homes, foster homes and residential special schools ‘for pupils with emotional and behavioural difficulties’ (‘EBD’). It focuses on the characteristics of service users, particularly contrasting the looked after and EBD groups. Though there are some similarities, there are also important differences between the populations in terms of age, gender, ethnicity, reasons for separation, legal status, family background and education. An attempt was made systematically to compare groups by creating a subsample of ‘difficult’ adolescents, based on involvement in anti‐social behaviour. Unexpectedly, this revealed that half of the teenagers were not ‘difficult’. Factors associated with being identified as ‘difficult’ were explored.     

大学生的人格状况与心理教育

大学生的人格状况与其心理健康密切相关。我们必须了解大学生的人格现状,分析心理疾病的成因,采取有效的措施,有效塑造健全人格,促进心理健康,增强大学生的社会适应力。     

城乡教师领导行为与青少年情绪适应的关系

选取城市和农村初中913名青少年为被试,采用问卷法考察城乡教师领导行为与青少年情绪适应的关系。研究发现:(1)城市青少年知觉到的教师民主、权威与放任行为均与其情绪适应存在密切关系;而农村青少年知觉到的教师放任行为与其情绪适应存在密切关系;(2)民主型教师领导模式下城乡青少年的情绪适应状况明显好于权威型和放任型教师领导模式下的适应状况;(3)城乡青少年均期望教师给予更多民主,更少权威,但城市青少年期望更多、农村青少年期望更少的放任;(4)城市青少年对教师领导行为的期望差距越大,他们的情绪适应越差,差距越低,情绪适应越好;而农村青少年对教师领导行为的期望差距大小与其情绪适应之间没有显著联系。     

Ratio-Scale Measurement with Intransitivity or Incompleteness: The Homogeneous Case

In the homogeneous case of one-dimensional objects, we show that any relation that is positive and homothetic can be represented by a ratio-scale and a unique and constant biasing factor. This factor may favor or disfavor the preference for an object over another. In the first case, preferences are complete but not transitive and an object may be preferred even when its value is lower. In the second case, preferences are asymmetric and transitive but not negatively transitive and it may not be sufficient for an object to have a greater value to be preferred. In this manner, the biasing factor reflects the extent to which preferences may depart from a maximization process.     

论高等学校学生情感教育机制

目前,高校在人才培养过程中,存在着严重的学生情感教育“边缘化”问题,主要表现在学生情感教育缺乏计划性、整体性和系统性,已经危及到高校教育人才培养的质量,当务之急是要建立完善的学生情感教育机制。需要确立学生情感教育在学校教育中的基础地位,把学生情感教育纳入学校的教学系统,强化教学中的学生情感教育意识,学校各组织部门要整体的有机的进行学生情感教育,培养学生的积极情感,不断提高学生情感能力水平。     

Do expressive mothers have expressive children? The role of socialization in children's affect expression

The effects of maternal expressiveness and children's gender on children's nonverbal expressiveness were assessed in two settings. In the laboratory, 30 boys and 30 girls of kindergarten age were unobtrusively videotaped while talking about happy, sad, and fearful experiences and while experiencing three social situations designed to elicit happy, disappointed, and apprehensive feelings. Videotapes were rated for emotion expression, using global ratings and EMFACS codes. In school, teachers rated these children's expression of four discrete emotions. In both the laboratory and school settings children were more positively expressive than negatively so, and positive and negative expressiveness were unrelated. In the laboratory children's positive expressiveness was consistent across the three social situations, but negative expressiveness varied across affective context. In both settings, children of low-expressive mothers were more positively expressive than children of high-expressive mothers, who tended to be more negatively expressive than children of low-expressive mothers. The difference in negative expression appeared most striking for anger. Gender was not predictive of children's expressiveness in either setting