Family roles and work values: Processes of selection and change

This study focuses on whether marriage and parenthood influence work values after taking into account the influence of work values on family formation. In a recent panel of young adults (N= 709), stronger extrinsic and weaker intrinsic work values during adolescence predicted marriage and parenthood 9 years out of high school. Controlling these relationships, wives, but not husbands, came to attach less importance to extrinsic rewards, and both husbands and wives attached less importance to intrinsic rewards, compared to single men and women. Fathers came to place greater importance on extrinsic rewards than men who had not become parents. The effect of motherhood on extrinsic values depended upon marital status, with positive effects only evident among single mothers. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for models of work‐family relationships and understanding the meaning of contemporary family roles, especially motherhood and fatherhood.     

Women's Work,Dirty Work: The Gynaecology Nurse as ‘Other’

This article seeks to explore the world of the gynaecology nurse. This world defines the gendered experience of nursing; that is, women in a women's job carrying out ‘women's work’. It is also a world that receives scant public recognition due to its association with the private domain of women's reproductive health. Many issues dealt with on a daily basis by gynaecology nurses are socially ‘difficult’: cancer, infertility, miscarriage and foetal abnormalities; or socially ‘distasteful’: termination of pregnancy, urinary incontinence, menstruation and sexually transmitted disease. The ‘tainted’ nature of gynaecology nursing gives it the social distinction of ‘dirty work’ but does not deter the gynaecology nurse from declaring her work as ‘special’, requiring distinctive knowledge and skills. Qualitative data collected from a group of gynaecology nurses in a North West National Health Service hospital displays how they actively celebrate their status as women carrying out ‘dirty work’. Through the use of ceremonial work that continually re‐affirms their ‘womanly’ qualities the gynaecology nurses establish themselves as ‘different’, as ‘special’, as the ‘other’.     

作品署名权法律性质的探讨

署名权是指著作权人有权在自己创作的作品上决定署名与否,以及选择以何种方式署名,并有权拒绝其他任何未参与该创作的人要求署名的权利。署名权具有人身权中的人格权和身份权属性,也具有财产权属性,是一种对世权。     

小组活动——英语课堂上的一种有效的互动活动

本文首先分析了由单一的全班授课的教学模式所带来的弊端,提出将小组活动引入课堂教学以实施有效的英语语言教学的观点。认为小组活动是一种有效的互动活动,有助于培养学生的英语交际能力,而这正是语言教学和学习的最终目的。     

Ratio-Scale Measurement with Intransitivity or Incompleteness: The Homogeneous Case

In the homogeneous case of one-dimensional objects, we show that any relation that is positive and homothetic can be represented by a ratio-scale and a unique and constant biasing factor. This factor may favor or disfavor the preference for an object over another. In the first case, preferences are complete but not transitive and an object may be preferred even when its value is lower. In the second case, preferences are asymmetric and transitive but not negatively transitive and it may not be sufficient for an object to have a greater value to be preferred. In this manner, the biasing factor reflects the extent to which preferences may depart from a maximization process.     

论高等学校学生情感教育机制

目前,高校在人才培养过程中,存在着严重的学生情感教育“边缘化”问题,主要表现在学生情感教育缺乏计划性、整体性和系统性,已经危及到高校教育人才培养的质量,当务之急是要建立完善的学生情感教育机制。需要确立学生情感教育在学校教育中的基础地位,把学生情感教育纳入学校的教学系统,强化教学中的学生情感教育意识,学校各组织部门要整体的有机的进行学生情感教育,培养学生的积极情感,不断提高学生情感能力水平。     

Under Pressure: Gender Differences in the Relationship Between Free Time and Feeling Rushed

Free time has the potential to reduce time pressures, yet previous studies paradoxically report increases in free time concurrent with increases in feeling rushed. Using U.S. time diary data from 708 individuals in 1975 and 964 individuals in 1998, we review the evidence on trends in free time and subjective perceptions of feeling rushed, and reexamine the relationship between free time and time pressure. We find that women's time pressure increased significantly between 1975 and 1998 but men's did not. In addition, the effects of objective time constraints vary by gender. Whereas more free time reduces men's perceptions of feeling rushed at both time points, among women, free time marginally reduced time pressure in 1975 but no longer reduced time pressure in 1998. Our findings suggest that persistent inequality in gendered time‐use patterns is paralleled by gendered experiences of time pressure.     

科技劳动将成为创造价值的劳动的主要部分

马克思的劳动价值理论,揭示了劳动是价值的唯一源泉。在当今时代,"劳动"的内涵和外延都发生了变化,科技劳动在价值中占有十分重要的位置。     

练好基本功 抓出新特色

加强高校学生党建工作对新时期大学生的培养起着重要作用。本文在简要分析了党建工作的重要性的 基础上,就如何做好学生党支部书记,结合自身的工作经验进行了论述。     

第三代领导集体对科普工作的卓越贡献

以江泽民为核心的第三代领导集体时刻关注与重视科普工作,并在理论与实践上,既继承前人,又创新发展,不仅高视角地阐述了科普工作的战略地位,深刻揭示了新形势下科普工作的现实紧迫性与艰巨性,而且创造性地丰富与发展了科普内容的内涵,并因时而变地突出重点,加大力度,使科普工作呈现出新局面,从而为新时期科普工作作出了卓越贡献,进而推进了邓小平科技思想的丰富与发展。