高中英语新教材的应用呼唤交际式语言测试

高中英语新教材的应用,使得测试手段的改革势在必行.新教材与目前测试手段的矛盾日益突出,使得交际式语言测试的运用成为必然.科学地运用交际式语言测试,能对英语教学产生较好的反拨作用,从而提高高中英语教学质量.     

假设检验的一个常见误区

文章通过对假设检验的一个常见错误进行了理论分析,指出假设检验的方法只能在一定情况下否定原假设而不能肯定原假设,并提出了设定原假设和备择假设的正确而简明的方法。     

当今智力测验面临的问题与争论

智力测验争论的焦点是测验的有效性和公平性。多元智力理论就是为解决这些问题而产生的。但这些争议是由于人们的一些错误观念而产生的 ,而多元智力理论并不能从根本上消除这些争议。     

Comparison of Separable Components in Different Samples

Abstract.  Imagine we have two different samples and are interested in doing semi- or non-parametric regression analysis in each of them, possibly on the same model. In this paper, we consider the problem of testing whether a specific covariate has different impacts on the regression curve in these two samples. We compare the regression curves of different samples but are interested in specific differences instead of testing for equality of the whole regression function. Our procedure does allow for random designs, different sample sizes, different variance functions, different sets of regressors with different impact functions, etc. As we use the marginal integration approach, this method can be applied to any strong, weak or latent separable model as well as to additive interaction models to compare the lower dimensional separable components between the different samples. Thus, in the case of having separable models, our procedure includes the possibility of comparing the whole regression curves, thereby avoiding the curse of dimensionality. It is shown that bootstrap fails in theory and practice. Therefore, we propose a subsampling procedure with automatic choice of subsample size. We present a complete asymptotic theory and an extensive simulation study.     

Two-stage U-statistics for Hypothesis Testing

Abstract.  A U -statistic is not easy to apply or cannot be applied in hypothesis testing when it is degenerate or has an indeterminate degeneracy under the null hypothesis. A class of two-stage U -statistics (TU-statistics) is proposed to remedy these drawbacks. Both the asymptotic distributions under the null and the alternative of TU-statistics are shown to have simple forms. When the degeneracy is indeterminate, the Pitman asymptotic relative efficiency of a TU-statistic dominates that of the incomplete U -statistics. If the kernel is degenerate under the null hypothesis but non-degenerate under the alternative, a TU-statistic is proved to be more powerful than its corresponding U -statistic. Applications to testing independence of paired angles in ecology and marine biology are given. Finally, a simulation study shows that a TU-statistic is more powerful than its corresponding incomplete U -statistic in almost all cases under two settings.     

Empirical likelihood tests for two‐sample problems via nonparametric density estimation

The authors study the problem of testing whether two populations have the same law by comparing kernel estimators of the two density functions. The proposed test statistic is based on a local empirical likelihood approach. They obtain the asymptotic distribution of the test statistic and propose a bootstrap approximation to calibrate the test. A simulation study is carried out in which the proposed method is compared with two competitors, and a procedure to select the bandwidth parameter is studied. The proposed test can be extended to more than two samples and to multivariate distributions.     

‘Wallbanking’, innovativeness and computer attitudes: 25–40-year-old ATM-users on the spot

Attitudes towards ‘wallbanking’ (making use of banking services through an Automated Teller Machine (ATM)) and self-reported frequency of wallbanking have been related to attitudes towards innovations and towards computers. The investigation also included the perception of advantages as well as disadvantages of wallbanking, factors that determine one's choice of a bank, man-machine problems related to the use of an ATM, and demographic factors. Using a sample of 201 respondents in the age range of 25 to 40 years, structural equation modeling revealed that wallbanking attitudes have a major influence on the frequency of using ATMs. The innovativeness attitude ‘New is wasteful’ also showed a clear negative link with the frequency of wallbanking. On the other hand, the relationship between computer attitudes and the frequency of using ATMs had to be rejected. Income and education proved to have an indirect link with the frequency of wallbanking, which refines other research findings. These results may reflect specific financial management characteristics of the age group under investigation.     

论模糊数学在假设检验中的应用

文章通过对隶属函数的集中度系数确定的探讨,将模糊数学应用于贝叶斯统计学,从而形成了一种新的假设检验方法.     

The non-null distribution for the problem of tests of independence

The problem of testing independence in the multinormal case is considered in this paper. The non-null distribution of the likelihood ratio criterion is obtained for the case of two subvectors by using a simple straightforward technique. The null case as well as the known cases are also verified.     

Some Bayesian lower bounds on reliability in the lognormal distribution

The two-parameter lognormal distribution with density function f(y: γ, σ²) = [(2πσ²)^1/2y] ¹exp[?(ln y ? γ)²/2σ²], y > 0, is important as a failure-time model in life testing. In this paper, Bayesian lower bounds for the reliability function R(t: γ, σ²) = ?[(γ ? ln t)/σ] are obtained for two cases. First, it is assumed that γ is known and σ² has either an inverted gamma or “general uniform” prior distribution. Then, for the case that both γ and σ² are unknown, the normal-gamma prior and Jeffreys' vague prior are considered. Some Monte Carlo simulations are given to indicate some of the properties of the Bayesian lower bounds.