新时期“民工荒”问题研究

＂民工荒＂是指人力资源市场出现的农民工短缺的现象。＂民工荒＂既是我国经济升级转型的必然反应,也是我国劳动用工体制改革滞后的应付代价,其本质原因是＂权利荒＂,重要原因是＂结构荒＂。＂民工荒＂问题的破解必然受中国＂语境＂的影响,＂民工荒＂问题在改革发展中形成,也应当在改革发展中解决。基本进路首在于继续扩大用工需求,坚持扩大农村劳动力转移战略;次在于依法保障农民工合法权益,弥补其＂权利亏损＂;同时着力解决＂结构性＂矛盾,主要是提升农民工可就业能力,构建有助于农民工自由流动的城乡统一人力资源市场。＂民工荒＂问题的解决还必须把握好改革的力度、向度和进度,建立一种兼顾理论与实践、变通传统与未来的中庸方略值得赞许。     

基于能力训练的大学生职业规划指导体系的研究与实践

解决大学就业问题的关键是提高其就业能力,而建立基于能力训练的大学生职业规划指导体系有助于他们在大学阶段重视就业能力的培养。从研究文献、招聘要求和职业访谈的视角归纳,大学生就业能力的基本构成包括团队合作能力、沟通表达能力、解决问题能力和人际关系能力。应围绕大学生就业能力训练,通过树立能力优先的教育理念、培养能力突出的师资队伍、开展能力训练的课程实践,以构建系统高效的大学生职业规划指导体系,发挥职业规划对于提高就业质量的先导作用。     

大学生就业能力特点及提高策略研究

大学生就业能力是学界关注的热点问题之一,本文通过问卷调查法,对大学生就业能力的特点进行了实证研究。研究发现：大学生社会适应能力最强,而应聘能力最弱。而且大学生在自主能力和社会实践能力上还存在性别差异,而大学生是否参加社团活动也对它们的就业能力产生影响。最后,在数据的基础上对大学生就业能力的提高提出了几条策略。     

The relationship between perceived employability and subsequent health

Abstract

Being capable of getting new employment may enable an employee to cope with turbulent situations or deteriorating job conditions. Individuals who have higher perceived employability are likely to appraise a situation at work more favourably, and consequently experience better health and well-being. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between perceived employability and subsequent health, while controlling for baseline health, background factors, and work environment exposures. The study is based on 53 items in the National Working Life Cohort in Sweden from two data collections (2004 and 2005), comprising 1918 individuals. Forced entry hierarchical regression analysis showed that, after controlling for demographics, psychological demands, control, and ergonomic exposures, perceived employability was positively associated with global health and mental well-being, but unrelated to physical complaints. When baseline health status was added, perceived employability was still a significant predictor of two out of three outcome variables. Individuals with higher perceived employability had a tendency to report better health and well-being a year later. It is concluded that how an employee perceives his or her possibilities in regard to acquiring new employment is relevant for well-being at a later stage. Perceived employability, which has been little studied before, is therefore a useful concept in health promotion, both at the individual and at the organizational level.     

新生代农民工就业意愿分析及对策思考——基于湖北省的实证调查

新生代农民工问题是当前社会管理工作的重要组成部分,如何提升新生代农民工的就业能力则是改善农民工生活与发展环境最核心的内容。基于湖北省6县调研资料,分析了新生代农民工就业意愿及就业影响因素。研究发现,外出务工、工作机会、所属服务行业性质、行业技术水平、资金扶持对新生代农民工就业倾向有重要影响,而其就业能力则受文化素质、专业技能、工作耐受力、政策认知程度和信息渠道等因素的影响。从提高学历、提升技能、增强耐受力、提高政策关注度和拓宽信息渠道等5个方面提出了提升新生代农民工就业能力的对策建议。     

可就业能力中介作用下的个人-组织契合对职业成功和组织绩效的影响

构建了个人-组织契合与职业成功和组织绩效关系及其作用机制模型,并通过对400名MBA学员和管理者的问卷调查,进行了有关研究和分析。研究表明,个人-组织契合与职业成功、组织绩效及其各维度之间具有正相关关系;可就业能力在个人-组织契合与职业成功关系中起到中介作用,在个人-组织契合与组织绩效关系中起到部分中介作用。研究结果进一步证实了个人-组织契合、相互合作、共同担负培养和提高可就业能力的责任,对职业成功和组织绩效具有直接的影响。     

提升大学生就业能力的对策探究——以石家庄铁道大学为例

随着高等教育大众化的不断推进,大学生就业面临着巨大压力.从大学生就业能力的定义及构成着手,对当前大学生就业能力存在的不足及原因进行分析,并从提高高校毕业生专业基础理论素养、理论应用于实践能力、求职应聘能力和改善就业观等方面提出对策,切实提升大学生就业能力.     

基于企业雇主评价的经管类本科生可雇佣能力研究

从可雇佣能力的视角出发,综合运用多学科知识和方法对我国大学生可雇佣能力的现状及提升对策展开研究。首先阐述了可雇佣能力的相关理论,回顾了可雇佣能力的发展历史和国内研究现状。其次,以北京某高校经管学院本科生及其雇主为研究样本,对大学生可雇佣能力进行了测量与分析。第三,总结经管类本科生可雇佣能力的特点,找出不足,分析原因,结合相关理论及实际情况构建经管类本科生可雇佣能力素质模型。第四,针对现存问题,就如何提升经管类本科生可雇佣能力,提出了相关对策与建议。     

基于学习成果导向的高校研究生就业能力模型建构

提升就业能力是研究生教育的重要目的,研究生学习成果在就业端表现为一系列就业能力。以学习成果为导向构建高校研究生就业能力模型,符合国际社会研究生教育发展趋势,是我国研究生教育实现高质量发展的需要,对研究生就业、高校研究生教育教学改革、企业选人用人、政府部门实施学位与研究生教育管理、推进研究生教育国际交流合作等都有现实意义。经过文献梳理、调研和综合分析,拟构建一个以研究生为中心、以学习成果为导向、包含2个维度和5个2级维度以及21个要素的高校研究生就业能力模型,希望对我国研究生就业质量发展提供启示。     

From ‘Employab-ility’ to ‘Entrepreneurial-ity’ in Spain: youth in the spotlight in times of crisis

This paper discusses the processes of individualisation of work and redefinition of the referential category of worker fostered by youth employability schemes in Spain. Employability measures proposed by the recent Spanish Youth Guarantee Implementation Plan and its antithetical youth representations (as a group ‘without qualities’ – the ‘NEETS’– while at the same time as a referential value and cultural model – ‘the young entrepreneur’-) will be analysed. These paradoxes strengthened by employability policies, and further aggravated in the wake of the current economic crisis, do not give rise to political contradictions due to the depolitisation promoted by employability policies: social problems are converted into individual deficits. These processes of psychologisation of work are further discussed on the basis of a recent study on employment counselling and career guidance to help to enhance the employability of jobless people in three Spanish cities, Seville, Madrid and Valencia. These tools are aimed at fostering employability of unemployed people with a high risk of social exclusion and are emblematic concerning the principle of employability (new governance tools, different intervention logics/principles). Some paradoxes concerning employability policies (entrepreneuriality) in the current labour market crisis will be outlined.