Adults with cystic fibrosis and barriers to employment

Existing research on cystic fibrosis (CF) tends to view CF as a long‐term medical condition of childhood, thus reinforcing the mistaken view that few children with CF survive into adulthood. Despite the fact that people with CF are increasingly living into older age there has been little research into the employment of adults with CF. Those studies which have been undertaken portray CF as a ‘serious illness’ which causes employment problems. In contrast, this paper discusses findings from a study which explored the employment experiences of adults with CF from a social model perspective. The findings reveal barriers to employment which are similar to those experienced by other disabled people, as well as barriers related to the ‘impairment effects’ of CF. The authors conclude that adults with CF have valuable perspectives to contribute to social model analysis and the development of employment‐related policy solutions.     

The Business of Caring: Women's Self‐Employment and the Marketization of Care

Our goal in this article is to contribute to a differentiated analysis of paid caring work by considering whether and how women's experiences of such work is shaped by their employment status (for example, self‐employed versus employee) and the nature of care provided (direct or indirect). Self‐employed care workers have not been widely studied compared with other types of care workers, such as employees providing domestic or childcare in private firms or private homes. Yet their experiences may be quite distinct. Existing research suggests that self‐employed workers earn less than employees and are often excluded from employment protection. Nonetheless, they often report greater autonomy and job satisfaction in their day‐to‐day work. Understanding more about the experiences of self‐employed caregivers is thus important for enriching existing theory, research and policy on the marketization of care. Addressing this gap, our article explores the working conditions, pay and levels of satisfaction of care workers who are self‐employed. We draw on interviews from a small‐scale study of Canadian women engaged in providing direct care (for example, childcare) and indirect care (for example, cleaning).     

Hungary's experiment in legalizing casual employment

Hungary's 1997 Casual Employment Act was originally meant to formalize ad hoc employment relationships entered into by private individual employers through simplified administrative procedures. After being widely abused, however, this flexible regulatory framework was eventually opened up to all employers, with a higher ceiling on the number of days workable on this basis, drastically reduced social security contributions and strong tax incentives. The aim was then to reduce unemployment and the incidence of illegal work by stretching the boundaries of formal employment, but neither of these objectives was attained. Instead, the authors argue, the attempted flexicurity has greatly increased workers' vulnerability.     

就业性别歧视的文化机制分析

本文尝试用性别分析的工具,从文化的视角把身处社会结构和利益格局巨大变迁中的弱势群体———女性作为研究对象。指出就业中存在性别不平等状况,揭露了性别不平等背后的制度性和结构性因素,分析了社会制度和结构中造成和影响性别不平等的文化机制,认为经济转轨时期社会文化的堕距是女性就业性别歧视的根源,提出构建先进的性别文化对解决性别歧视具有重要意义。     

大学生就业指导教育的现状及对策

高等学校必须正确认识当前大学生就业指导教育的现状,充分肯定已经取得的成绩并进一步强化,分析存在的问题并努力研究和思考,探索解决的办法,对增强就业指导教育的实效性和帮助大学生顺利就业具有十分重要的意义。     

外国直接投资、产业转移与母国就业传导机制的实证研究

采用格兰杰因果分析和误差修正模型,基于中日数据分析了FDI、产业转移与母国就业之间的关系。经过实证检验发现:当日本对华直接投资时,转移了其国内的制造业产业,输出了制造业就业岗位,但是由于服务业对制造业的替代弹性大于1,使得日本对华直接投资在总量上增加了就业机会,在结构上促进了日本国内就业结构优化。     

Attitudinal Changes Toward Homosexuality During the Past Two Decades (1994–2014) in Korea

This study was conducted to examine recent Korean perspectives on homosexuality by comparing attitudes toward mental illness, crime, friendship, and civil rights related to homosexual people in 1994, 1999, 2004, 2009, and 2014. The respondents were 3,299 Korean men and women between 18 and 59 years of age, and the data were collected across 5 years. The major findings were that there has been greater acceptance of homosexuality and civil rights for homosexuals during the past two decades, but the changes have been slow; Korean homosexuals remain subjects of social stigma and discrimination primarily due to increased Christian activism.     

LGBT Rights Activism and Homophobia in Russia

This article explores how lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender/transsexual (LGBT) people’s perception of increasing conservative trends and negative public attitudes affected the development of LGBT rights activism in Russia. It includes following sections: (1) the analysis of the development of LGBT community and activism in Russia; (2) the investigation of public perception of same-sex relations and how LGBT people’s views of it affected their readiness to join activism; and (3) the examination of the state’s policy toward LGBT people in a wake of conservative discourse and its impact on LGBT activism and LGBT people’s willingness to get involved in it. The article concludes by considering implications that LGBT rights activism face nowadays in order to survive and continue its existence.     

Beyond Homonegativity: Understanding Hong Kong People’s Attitudes About Social Acceptance of Gay/Lesbian People,Sexual Orientation Discrimination Protection,and Same-Sex Marriage

This study examined attitudes about social acceptance, discrimination protection, and marriage equality for gay/lesbian people with a representative sample of 1,008 Hong Kong Chinese adults via a telephone survey. Despite majority endorsement of homosexuality (52.29% positive vs. 34.12% negative) and discrimination protection (50.72% favorable vs. 14.64% opposed), attitudes toward same-sex marriage diverged (32.79% favorable vs. 39.41% opposed). There was a sharp distinction in accepting gay/lesbian people as co-workers (83.57%) and friends (76.92%) versus relatives (40.19%). Having more homosexual/bisexual friends or co-workers contributed to greater endorsement of social acceptance and discrimination protection but not same-sex marriage. Age, religion, political orientation, and homonegativity consistently predicted attitudes toward social acceptance, discrimination protection, and same-sex marriage, whereas gender-role beliefs, conformity to norms, and cultural orientations had varying impacts. This article informs theory and advocacy by disentangling homonegativity from attitudes about gay/lesbian issues and highlighting the centrality of family-kinship and relative-outsider delineation in Chinese societies.     

校友资源在高校学生就业工作中的作用探析

高校学生就业工作存在人才培养与社会需求不完全匹配、就业指导课程体系不健全、就业市场受学校办学规模、地理位置、社会知名度制约等问题。校友资源是高校重要的社会资源和教育资源。高校应从机构、制度、资金等方面提供保障,充分发挥校友在就业工作中的作用,开创就业工作新局面。