精品课程建设模式探讨

依据教育部《关于启动高等学校教学质量与教学改革工程精品课程建设工作的通知》,及各省市教育行政主管部门的相关通知,各高校积极行动,启动建设精品课程。如何建设精品课程?本文试图做一些探讨。     

英国高等教育质量保证体系

英国高等教育质量保证体系是在高等教育走向大众化、普及化和教育质量出现下降趋势的情况下建立和发展起来的。这个体系包括严格的外部教育质量评估和完善的校内教育质量保证机制,反映了英国高等教育数百年沉淀下来的充分体现学校神圣责任、以学生为本的办学思路理念、厚重的校园文化和大学精神。     

产业转型、公共支持与农民工就业转变研究

产业转型和政府公共支持是影响农民工就业转变的两个重要因素。从产业转型对农民工就业转变影响、公共支持对农民工就业转变影响、产业转型与公共支持二者间的关系等方面对我国产业转型、公共支持与农民工就业结构文献进行了归纳和评述。在评述的基础上,还对促进农民工实现就业转变进行了深入分析。     

The Role of the Housing Allowance for the Elderly in Norway: Views of Recipients

This article concerns the housing allowance, an economic benefit provided to low-income households and the elderly in Norway. Ensuring a high quality of housing for the elderly has been a priority in the development of the Norwegian welfare state. This article is based on results from a qualitative study among elderly recipients of a housing allowance. The study shows that while these recipients viewed the financial support the allowance offered as crucial, they still felt impoverished. The study raises some questions about whether the housing allowance scheme encourages high-quality housing.     

Family Structure and Quality of Life of Elders in Rural China: The Role of the New Rural Social Pension

Using data from a survey in Ankang district of Shaanxi province of China in 2011, this article examines the protective effect of the New Rural Social Pension (NRSP) on quality of life of rural elders, as well the moderating effect on association between family structure and quality of life. An instrumental variable approach is used. NRSP is shown to significantly improve the quality of life of rural elders, and a robustness check shows that this effect is consistent across different sets of subgroups. Compared with the elders who have at least one son, the quality of life of those who are childless or have only one child is significantly lower. The NRSP is more likely to significantly improve the quality of life of one-child elders. In addition, the associations between the NRSP and the different facets of quality of life of the elders are significant except for the facet of sensory abilities.     

Does Nursing Home Ownership Change Affect Family Ratings on Experience with Care?

Person-centeredness may suffer in nursing homes (NHs) with recent ownership changes. This study identifies associations between ownership change and reported care experiences, important measures of person-centered care for long-term residents in Maryland NHs. Care experience measures and ownership change data were collected from Maryland Health Care Commission reports, which reported data on 220 Maryland NHs from 2011 and 2012. Facility and market covariates were obtained from 2011 NH Compare and Area Health Resource Files. Linear regression was used to examine whether ownership change in 2011 was associated with lower care experience ratings reported during April to June 2012. Dependent variables were overall care rating (scale 1–10), percentage of respondents answering that they would recommend the NH, and assessments of five care and resident life domains (scale 1–4). Care experiences reported in 2012 were high; however, after controlling for covariates, ownership change was associated with significant decreases in 6 out of 7 measures, including a 0.39-point decrease in overall care rating (p = .001). NH managers and policy makers should consider strategies to improve patient-centeredness after ownership change.     

Donor Requirements and Pockets of Effectiveness in Senegal's Bureaucracy

Donors increasingly value the work of statistics, project assessment and related offices in developing countries, but can they ensure these offices are able to do their work? This article assesses donors’ efforts to do so in Senegal's ministries of finance, health and agriculture in the mid‐2000s. It contends that donors' impact is greatest if they generate political incentives for governments to create ‘pockets of effectiveness’ in these areas. The health and agriculture case studies indicate that direct donor involvement, particularly if incompatible with domestic political forces, produces disappointing results, while the finance case studies suggest donors can induce political support for the work of specific offices if donor incentives coincide with domestic political imperatives.     

Varieties of marketisation in the UK: examining divergence in activation markets between Great Britain and Northern Ireland 2008–2014

This article examines the sub-national diversity in activation quasi-markets in the United Kingdom (UK). Through comparison of four active labour market programmes in Great Britain and Northern Ireland between 2008 and 2014, the article clarifies and maps intra-UK diversity in employment service governance and unpacks the shifting configurations of market structures in each jurisdiction to reveal a temporally and spatially distinct patterning of marketisation. Drawing on Gingrich's approach to analysis and classification of quasi-market variation, the article proposes that between 2008 and 2014, Great Britain rapidly evolved a provider-directed activation market. In contrast, the activation market structure in Northern Ireland, up to late 2014, is better characterised as state directed. A recent reconfiguration of the activation market in Northern Ireland does however indicate some (modified) convergence on Great Britain's approach. One common and consistent feature of the configuration of activation markets in each jurisdiction is the few powers given to direct users of employment services to shape contracted out provision.     

王阳明教育思想的现代意义

王阳明的一生,不是把追求功名利禄,建立“事功”放在第一位,而是要做一个“大圣人”,追求道德修养人格的完善,并且把自己所学的一点一滴教给众人,让“人人心中有定盘针”,目的是“好将吾道从吾党,归把渔竿东海湾”,不愧为中国历史上集大成式的哲学家。在教育上王阳明堪称一代宗师,他重视人才,认为“今天下事势如沉疴积痿,所望起死回生者,实有在于诸君子。”他身体力行,文韬武略,卓有建树,他在立德、立言、立功皆居绝顶,即所谓“真三不朽”“兼三不朽”。他所采用的许多教学原则和教育理念以及教学方法,对现代教育的发展和对学生素质教育提升仍具有积极的借鉴作用。     

无雇佣化的商品化：家庭农场的发展机制分析 ——基于皖南平镇粮食家庭农场的调研

家庭农场产生于土地规模流转的基础上,是现代农业的一种表现形式。本文基于皖南平镇粮食家庭农场的调研,总结了家庭农场的三种生成路径：资本大户分包、返乡青年创业以及农村种植大户转化。现阶段家庭农场呈现出主要劳动力来自家庭内部,原始积累来自农业之外,规模具有伸缩性及促进分工细化的特征,其实践体现出农业生产“无雇佣化的商品化”过程,即家庭农场一方面显著提高了农业商品化的程度,另一方面依然以家庭劳动力为基础,少雇佣且无雇佣经理人。家庭农场是小农经济发展的高级形态。现阶段家庭农场的发展宜注重小农经济的连续性,政策上给以家庭农场规模弹性的空间并促进社会化服务体系的完善。