浅谈大学生就业观与就业指导

通过对大学生就业现状的调查 ,归纳、概括了大学生的主要就业趋向及其产生原因 ,分析了当前大学生的就业观、就业心理以及就业过程中呈现出的特点 ;应采取切实可行的措施 ,有针对性地开展就业指导 ,以不断提高大学生就业率 ,促进高校的稳定和发展     

浅析我国当前的失业问题

我国当前的失业问题，其核心因素是供需双方的知识结构偏离，人力资源政策是解决失业问题的关键措施。     

对大学毕业生就业软环境建设的思考

大学毕业生能否实现充分就业 ,这与高校就业环境的建设是密不可分的。随着就业形势的日益严峻 ,要正确解决大学毕业生就业难的问题 ,努力加强建设大学毕业生就业软环境 ,应该是当前以及今后很长时间内值得高校关注和重视的工作任务。     

Making the Best of a Bad Job? Female Part‐Timers’ Orientations and Attitudes to Work

This article uses data from 50 qualitative interviews with female part‐time workers in low‐level jobs in Britain to illustrate their attitudes, orientations and aspirations towards paid work. The research reports two main findings. Firstly, even female part‐time workers at the bottom end of the occupational structure are not a homogeneous group of workers. Secondly, they are not all highly satisfied with their jobs. The article argues that many women (especially those in working‐class households) still do not have a genuine choice between ‘family work’ and ‘market work’. It concludes by presenting a theoretical model of orientations to work.     

当前我国高校大学毕业生就业形势与对策分析

大学毕业生就业形势日趋严峻。究其原因是多方面的,笔者认为:造成当前高校毕业生就业难的主要因素有过程性因素、结构性因素、地域性因素和观念性因素等四个方面。因此解决当前高校毕业生就业难的对策非一方所能为,必须多方协动、配合,这一系统工作至少含三个方面:政府与社会、高等学校本身、学生自身。     

论高校就业指导角色的定位

大学生就业既是党和政府推进和谐社会建设的一项重要工作内容,也是事关高校生存和发展的一个重要因素。目前,高校应转变观念,在毕业生就业工作方面扮演好就业观念导航者、就业信息供给者、就业信用担保者、就业障碍排除者、就业市场组织者的角色。     

节水生产行为、非农就业与农户收入溢出

将劳动力要素配置纳入分析框架是厘清粮食节水生产行为收入溢出机制的关键。基于河北、山东、河南540个粮食种植户调查数据,运用工具变量分位数、中介效应和门槛回归模型分析农户节水生产行为的收入溢出机制及异质性。研究表明：节水生产行为能够显著提升农户收入,且农业增收效应大于要素替代效应;节水生产行为的农业增收效应随农业收入水平提升而递增,即“马太效应”,其非农增收效应随非农收入水平提升而递减,即“重心转变效应”;本地非农就业在节水生产行为增收效应中发挥中介作用,外出务工部分遮掩了节水生产行为的收入提升效果;节水生产行为的增收效应随本地非农就业比例增加而上升,随外出务工比例提高而下降。因此,建议完善粮食节水生产的政策扶持与市场机制,引导非农劳动力合理有序就业,强化农村人力资本积累,进而推动农户持续增收。     

农户兼业对秸秆还田技术采纳的影响机制及效应分析——基于冀皖鄂1150份农户调查数据的实证

基于河北、安徽、湖北三省1150份农户的实地调查数据,采用倾向得分匹配法构建“反事实”框架,探讨了农户兼业对秸秆还田技术采纳的影响效应,并进一步验证了其中介效应及务工距离的作用机制。研究结果表明：（1）相比纯农户,兼业户更倾向于采纳秸秆还田技术;（2）农户兼业通过风险分担间接影响秸秆还田技术采纳,间接影响占比为24.43%;（3）当纯农户选择在乡内务工时,秸秆还田技术采纳率会提高15.0%,选择在县内乡外务工时,兼业对农户秸秆还田技术采纳行为没有显著性影响,但当纯农户选择省内县外务工时,秸秆还田技术采纳率提高了9.2%,选择省外务工时秸秆还田技术采纳率提高了10.0%。因此,为更好促进秸秆还田技术推广,政府部门应该引导和鼓励农户就近务工,保障农村劳动力就业质量,培育和支持农机社会化服务组织并加强对秸秆还田技术的指导和培训。     

Origins and destinies: Immigration to the United States since World War II

Contemporary immigration to the United States and the formation of new ethnic groups are the complex and unintended social consequences of the expansion of the nation to its post-World War II position of global hegemony. Immigrant communities in the United States today are related to a history of American military, political, economic, and cultural involvement and intervention in the sending countries, especially in Asia and the Caribbean Basin, and to the linkages that are formed in the process that open a variety of legal and illegal migration pathways. The 19.8 million foreign-born persons counted in the 1990 U.S. census formed the largest immigrant population in the world, though in relative terms, only 7.9% of the U.S. population was foreign-born, a lower proportion than earlier in this century. Today's immigrants are extraordinarily diverse, a reflection of polar-opposite types of migrations embedded in very different historical and structural contexts. Also, unlike the expanding economy that absorbed earlier flows from Europe, since the 1970s new immigrants have entered an hourglass economy with reduced opportunities for social mobility, particularly among the less educated, and new waves of refugees have entered a welfare state with expanded opportunities for public assistance. This paper seeks to make sense of the new diversity. A typology of contemporary immigrants is presented, and their patterns of settlement, their distinctive social and economic characteristics compared to major native-born racial-ethnic groups, and their different modes of incorporation in—and consequences for—American society are considered.     

Asian Women,Job Training and the Social Organization of Immigrant Labor Markets

This paper examines the entry of Asian immigrant women into a gendered labor market via government-funded job training programs. The focus is on the intake processing of clients into an employment training program operated by a community based organization. The study reveals that women's family responsibilities and the cultural capital they bring function to screen them into or out of training programs and ultimately shape their location in the workforce. The study thus draws attention to how race, class, and gender enter into the organization of Asian immigrant women into the labor market. This investigation is based in institutional ethnography (Smith 1987), a research strategy which displays how activities in a particular setting are coordinated with more extended forms of social organization. The study shows that the overriding concern with successful placement in a job as mandated by government regulations is a critical factor in selecting the women for these programs.