产业转型、公共支持与农民工就业转变研究

产业转型和政府公共支持是影响农民工就业转变的两个重要因素。从产业转型对农民工就业转变影响、公共支持对农民工就业转变影响、产业转型与公共支持二者间的关系等方面对我国产业转型、公共支持与农民工就业结构文献进行了归纳和评述。在评述的基础上,还对促进农民工实现就业转变进行了深入分析。     

大学生质量评价指标体系构建要素探析——以就业中社会适应性为导向

为增强高等教育与社会需要的适应性,以就业为导向的大学生质量评价不可或缺.现有大学生质量评价指标体系研究成果丰硕,但以大学毕业生为中心的评价研究尚存在不足.大学生质量评价指标体系的构建应遵循通用性与特殊性、系统性与侧重性,相对稳定性与适时发展性、可操作性等基本原则.在此基础上,一个横向(质量指标库)和纵向(基于评价主体的指标排序和权重分配)交叉立体的质量评价体系所涉及的要素应包括:评价对象(整体性和个体性)、评价内容、评价主体(用人单位、大学自我、学校、家庭和第三方机构)、评价反馈.     

Varieties of marketisation in the UK: examining divergence in activation markets between Great Britain and Northern Ireland 2008–2014

This article examines the sub-national diversity in activation quasi-markets in the United Kingdom (UK). Through comparison of four active labour market programmes in Great Britain and Northern Ireland between 2008 and 2014, the article clarifies and maps intra-UK diversity in employment service governance and unpacks the shifting configurations of market structures in each jurisdiction to reveal a temporally and spatially distinct patterning of marketisation. Drawing on Gingrich's approach to analysis and classification of quasi-market variation, the article proposes that between 2008 and 2014, Great Britain rapidly evolved a provider-directed activation market. In contrast, the activation market structure in Northern Ireland, up to late 2014, is better characterised as state directed. A recent reconfiguration of the activation market in Northern Ireland does however indicate some (modified) convergence on Great Britain's approach. One common and consistent feature of the configuration of activation markets in each jurisdiction is the few powers given to direct users of employment services to shape contracted out provision.     

认知交互CPI模型视角下新生就业压力及干预

面对严峻的就业形势,刚踏入高校校门尚且处于适应转换期的"95后"新生,俨然感受到了更大就业压力,压力认知交互作用理论认为压力对人是否产生影响,关键在于个体对压力的认知评价,认知评价影响到其采取的应对方式和应对结果,而应对结果反过来也影响压力的感知.根据压力认知-现象学-交互作用CPT模型,对高校"95后"新生就业压力进行分析,并寻求干预策略,为高校引导新生对就业压力的正确认知和积极应对提供借鉴.     

无雇佣化的商品化：家庭农场的发展机制分析 ——基于皖南平镇粮食家庭农场的调研

家庭农场产生于土地规模流转的基础上,是现代农业的一种表现形式。本文基于皖南平镇粮食家庭农场的调研,总结了家庭农场的三种生成路径：资本大户分包、返乡青年创业以及农村种植大户转化。现阶段家庭农场呈现出主要劳动力来自家庭内部,原始积累来自农业之外,规模具有伸缩性及促进分工细化的特征,其实践体现出农业生产“无雇佣化的商品化”过程,即家庭农场一方面显著提高了农业商品化的程度,另一方面依然以家庭劳动力为基础,少雇佣且无雇佣经理人。家庭农场是小农经济发展的高级形态。现阶段家庭农场的发展宜注重小农经济的连续性,政策上给以家庭农场规模弹性的空间并促进社会化服务体系的完善。     

基于就业市场需求的大学生就业竞争力评价体系构建

在我国就业形势紧张、就业压力较大的现实背景下,大学生就业竞争力的研究越来越受到学术界和社会的关注,对大学生就业竞争力的研究在深度和广度上逐年增加。通过对大学生就业竞争力评价的研究回顾,从理论研究和定性研究两个方面对大学生就业竞争力的演进脉络进行了梳理,并依据德尔菲法整理出大学生就业竞争力评价体系,得出高校要进一步提升大学生就业竞争力,就要从就业市场需求角度出发,重点考虑学生知识水平和专业能力、团队合作、科研创新能力等10个维度47个指标要素的结论,这为高校更好地开展就业指导服务工作提供了重要的参照。     

论劳务派遣向正式雇佣的转换

劳务派遣的超常发展背离了立法本意,产生严重的负面效应,其回归理性发展轨道的路径之一在于向正式雇佣转换。基于用工自由与社会公正相平衡、法律管制与放松管制相协调、劳务派遣的过渡性特征等政策考量,劳务派遣转正具有充分正当性。在法律管制升格的背景下,劳务派遣向正式雇佣转换成为刚性的要求,因之在法律上需提供转换进行的通道和规则指引。对超出法定适用范围的劳务派遣,可以强制性地法律拟制为在用工单位与劳动者之间成立直接劳动关系,但应以不违背劳动法理的方式进行。合理范围内的劳务派遣,亦可依当事人协商机制而转化为直接雇佣。     

Quality of employment in Latin America: Theory and evidence

Historically, the development literature concerned with Latin American labour markets has focused on job numbers and productivity. But given the persistence of large shares of informal and now otherwise precarious employment, the authors argue that meaningful analysis also requires consideration of the implications of occupational status for the quality of employment. Based on empirical evidence from recent decades, they conclude that most dimensions of this concept – including social protection – depend on the conclusion of a written contract of employment. This finding leads them to outline policy options for stabilizing formal employment and securing adequate funding for social protection.     

Transitions to adulthood in contexts of economic crisis and post-recession. The case of Argentina

The possibilities that are available to youth in contemporary Western societies are highly sophisticated and related mostly to the transition between secondary school and higher education, the first job placement, independent housing, lifestyle construction and the consumption of goods produced by cultural industries in a globalist world. Secondary education represents a main factor in terms of socialisation, training, access to employment, citizenship and youth identity construction, making it a key for public policies aimed at youth in Latin America. The article presents the initial results of a research project on transition processes from secondary school to employment in Argentina. The findings are based on statistical information and the empirical analysis of data gathered in two very different economic and social contexts: the first was one of the worst social and economic crisis in the country's history (1999–2003), and the second was a long period of economic growth and increased social welfare (2004–2012). The data are presented in response to the following question: How do different economic contexts influence the transitions of youth in different social class contexts? By answering this question, the significant role of public policies in generating better living conditions for youth becomes clear.     

构建和谐社会与社会结构的调整

党的十六届四中全会提出要构建社会主义和谐社会,提出要加强社会建设和管理,如何实现这个战略性的任务,从社会结构理论来说,就是要在今后的实践中,继续深化改革,创新和制定恰当的经济社会政策,推进户籍、就业、人事、社会保障等方面体制的改革,调整城乡、区域和就业结构,使该小的农业劳动者阶层逐渐缩小,使该大的社会中间阶层的规模逐渐扩大。这是培育形成一个合理的、开放的现代社会阶层结构,形成构建社会主义和谐社会的坚实的基础,也是我们今后要特别加以重视并做好的任务。