Does gender ideology explain differences between countries regarding the involvement of women and of men in paid and unpaid work?

Women spend more time doing household work than men, and men spend more time working at paying jobs outside the home than women. But studies also show that there are major differences between countries regarding the degree to which women and men involve themselves in different kinds of labour activity. The main aim of the article is to analyse the significance of gender ideology when studying differences between countries regarding the involvement of women and men in paid and unpaid work. The analysis is based on national random samples from ten OECD countries that were collected within the framework of ISSP 1994. The conclusions are: (a) gender ideology has an impact in all the studied countries on the degree to which women and men involve and engage themselves in labour and (b) gender ideology partially explains the differences between countries regarding women's and men's involvement in paid and unpaid work.     

中职生就业创业指导的几点思考

当今中职生在诸多方面不能适应社会的需要,使得他们难就业,更难创业。作为职业教育者,应教育他们拥有大关怀大视野的境界,学会用积极心态面对现实,坚定专业信念,注意练就健康的体魄,培养吃苦耐劳精神与和谐意识,养成勤奋的习惯,在钻研中求得真理,通过学历深造提升自己,努力将自己培养成社会急需的技能型人才。     

Explaining the Gender Gap in Help to Parents: The Importance of Employment

Although it is well established that adult daughters spend more time giving assistance to their parents than do sons, the sources of this gender gap are not well understood. This paper asks: To what extent can this gap be explained by structural variation, especially the different rates of employment and kinds of jobs that women and men tend to hold? Using data from the National Survey of Families and Households (N = 7,350), the paper shows that both employment status and job characteristics, especially wages and self‐employment, are important factors in explaining the gender gap in the help given to parents, and that these operate similarly for women and men.     

毕业生择业心态分析及教育指导

文章就当前高校毕业生“不包分配 ,双向选择 ,竞争上岗 ,择优录用”的就业制度背景下 ,对高等学校毕业生择业心态的现状进行了分析 ,着重剖析了其积极面和心理误区 ,指出高等学校在目前就业形势不容乐观的情况下 ,应针对毕业生的心态特点和具体情况 ,做好毕业生的就业教育和指导工作     

高校民族预科生就业指导刍议

民族预科生作为高校一个特殊的群体,近年来的确存在就业难的问题,特别是在少数民族地区,民族预科生的就业是高校就业指导工作中的一个难点。除了择业观、择业技巧、专业限制、综合素质等因素的制约外,地区、生活环境、教育环境的差异,是民族预科生就业难的深层原因。通过对民族预科生就业的劣势与优势的分析,发挥民族预科生的优势是解决民族预科生就业的关键。     

Comparing three alternative types of employment with permanent full-time work: How do employment contract and perceived job conditions relate to health complaints?

Previous research has found that alternative employment arrangements are associated with both impaired and improved well-being. Since such inconsistencies are likely to derive from the type of employment contract as well as the characteristics of the job, this paper compares permanent full-time work with forms of alternative employment (permanent part-time, fixed-term and on-call work) in order to investigate how different employment contracts and perceptions of job conditions relate to individual well-being. This study contributes to the literature by addressing several questions. Different forms of alternative employment are distinguished and individual background characteristics that might be intertwined with the employment contract are controlled for. Moreover, the scope of this study extends to the effects of perceived job conditions, and possible interactive effects with type of employment are tested. Analyses of questionnaire data from 954 Swedish healthcare workers show that perceptions of the job (job insecurity, job control and demands), but not the type of employment contract, predicted health complaints. However, type of employment interacted with perceptions of job insecurity, in that insecurity was associated with impaired well-being among permanent full-time workers, while no relationship was found for on-call or core part-time employees. Despite the absence of interactions between employment contract and job demands or job control, it can be concluded that knowledge about the relationship between alternative employment arrangements and the well-being of workers can be enhanced when the combined effects of employment contract and job conditions are studied.     

社会资本在大学生就业中的作用及获得途径分析

社会资本对大学生就业起着重要的作用。大学生要在短时间内找到满意的工作,他们必须依靠一定量的社会资本。例如社会、学校、家庭等都可能影响到这一资本的获得。因此,大学生在学习期间,也应该积极扩充自己的社会资本,争取就业优势。     

高等教育大众化背景下大学生就业与学科建设初探--广东工业大学经济管理学院2003届毕业生调查分析

文章对高等教育大众化后广东高校教育与就业所面临的新问题进行了调查研究,通过对2003届本专科毕业生进行的全面问卷调查,获得了毕业生对经管学院各专业的师资力量、教学管理水平的评价、以及毕业生各种能力的评价、毕业后打算、工作单位性质、职业所属行业、就业单位招收毕业生人数、工作单位规模、毕业生预期与就业实际状况匹配程度的信息.基于调查分析结果提出了改进意见.     

高校就业网站的发展研究

互联网改变了人们的生活,也引发了人们思想观念的变革。高校应从自身实际出发,开发具有自身特色的就业网站,并在发展中不断进步,最终实现与市场接轨的战略性发展。     

中国劳动力构成与劳动力市场

中国经济改革中劳动力构成及劳动力市场究竟有什么变化，这是国际学界共同关心的问题。本文从中国劳动力市场发展的趋势出发，具体讨论有关产业和政治的涵义，并就中国劳动力市场所处的国际背景进行分析。