Mothers' work–to–family strain in single and couple parent families: the role of job characteristics and supports

For parents there can be negative aspects of how work ‘spills over’ to family. This analysis focuses on mothers of young children and considers how aspects of work–to–family strain differ for single and couple mothers. While there has been increased focus on the work–family strains of mothers, less is known about single mothers and their experience of work–family strain. We might expect that single mothers would have more difficulty in combining work and family, given that they do not have the support of a resident partner to assist with childrearing responsibilities. This paper explores the relationships between several demographic, employment and supports factors and work–family strain. It also examines whether these associations are different according to family form; that is, whether certain factors make the work–family balance significantly worse or better for single mothers than for otherwise similar couple‐parent mothers. The analysis is based on the 2004 Growing up in Australia: the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC). This dataset contains detailed family and child data for around 10,000 families, all with at least one child aged 5 or under. With such a large sample size, the number of single mothers is sufficiently large to enable more analyses than is often possible from survey data.     

劳动力供给膨胀所导致的市场失灵及其纠正

市场经济体制通过市场使社会资源得到有效配置,生产要素通过市场供求关系得到均衡价格,然而市场不是万能的,市场也会失灵。由于信息的不对称和劳动力需求方市场势力较为强大以及求职者太大的就业心理压力,造成了劳动力市场供给的膨胀,导致了劳动力市场在一定范围内的失灵,政府应该挑起纠正这一市场失灵问题重担。      

从马斯洛需求层次论看导游从业环境的优化

从理论上讲,导游作为旅游服务业中的一种职业角色,在现代旅游业的发展中有着十分重要的作用.但事实上在旅游业高速发展的今天,我国的导游人员已经成了一个新型的弱势群体.那么究竟导游人员的从业环境怎样,又该如何对其进行优化以期激发导游人员的工作热情.该文依据马斯洛需求层次理论,从多个层面来剖析个中原由,以期能为我国旅游业的发展...     

我国高等院校创业教育发展研究

创业教育是高等教育的重要内容，是现代高等教育的最伟大成就之一，也是实现国家关于“以创业带动就业”的伟大战略的基本要求。然而，创业教育在我国仍处于初期发展阶段，存在学科地位边缘化、课程体系不健全、实践平台不完善、政策落实不到位等问题。在深入剖析问题产生的根本原因的基础上，从政府、企业、高校、教师、学生等多方面提出发展创业教育的有效措施。     

Analysis on China's Labor Supply and Demand Trend for a Long-term

The paper take Leslie method to forecast China's total population and its age distribution structure from 2015 to 2050,and then predict the total labor supply of the working-age population,estimate the total demand for labor according to the employment elasticity of the economic growth,calculated the gap between labor supply and demand.The results show that both the labor supply and demand showed a decreasing trend,but the supply reduced faster than demand,after 2015,the labor market appears shortage,the gap between supply and demand will exist for a long time and have a tendency to expand.Facing of the new situation and new problems of the labor market,we recommend some corresponding policy.     

促进就业的税收政策分析

税收政策作为国家宏观调控的经济杠杆,在调节和促进就业方面有着举足轻重的作用。我国现行税收政策虽然在创造就业机会、鼓励自主创业等方面起到了一定的作用,但仍存在许多不足。为缓解我国就业形势较为严峻的问题,应采取扩大税收优惠政策的适用范围,调整所涉及的税种,开征社会保障税以及构建长效机制等措施,进一步完善我国就业税收优惠政策。     

Opting Out,Scaling Back,or Business‐as‐Usual? An Occupational Assessment of Women's Employment

After decades of growth, women's labor force participation stagnated in the 2000s, prompting widespread interest in work–family balance and opting out. However, much of the research and media attention is limited to small samples of women in managerial and professional occupations. Using data from the 2009 American Community Survey, this article examines mothers' labor force participation and work hours across 92 occupations to assess whether mothers in nonmanagerial and nonprofessional occupations exhibit similar work patterns. I find that mothers in managerial and professional occupations are the least likely to remain out of the labor force but most likely to work reduced hours. The results indicate that there is significant occupational variation in women's work–family strategies, and these comparisons provide insight into the differential structures of disadvantage that encourage different work–family outcomes.     

Opting Out and Buying Out: Wives' Earnings and Housework Time

It has been proposed that the negative association between wives' earnings and their time in housework is due to greater outsourcing of household labor by households with high-earning wives, but this hypothesis has not been tested directly. In a sample of dual-earner married couples in the Consumption and Activities Mail Survey of the Health and Retirement Study (N = 796), use of market substitutes for women's housework was found to be only weakly associated with wives' time cooking and cleaning. Furthermore, expenditures on market substitutes explain less than 15% of the earnings-housework time relationship. This suggests that use of market substitutes plays a smaller role in explaining variation in wives' time in household labor than has previously been hypothesized.     

我国现代产业体系形成的现状及问题

通过分析我国近十年的产业结构和就业结构构成比,以及与其他国家相比,得出我国在现有产业基础上发展现代产业体系存在一些制约因素,如产业结构优化度低和区域发展失衡导致向现代产业转变的进程将很缓慢。另外,现代产业体系中的新兴产业的形成和发展缺乏雄厚的资金、技术和完善的市场机制。     

略论贵州劳动力人口就业问题

本文在分析贵州劳动力人口就业现状基础上,就其就业特征和存在问题进行了分析和讨论,并探析了相关缘由,最后提出了实现贵州劳动力充分就业的对策性建议。