基于产业结构演变及其贡献率的分析——运用浙江省1990-2004统计数据

产业结构变动对经济增长与就业的影响程度,一直是学术界和政府关注的重要问题,也是政府制订社会、经济政策的基本准则。本文运用浙江省1990—2004共15年的统计数据,从产出、就业两个层面,重新估算了三大产业的贡献率,并将浙江的情况与全国作了对比,最后在政策层面上提出了相关的建议。     

Employment programs for people with psychiatric disability: the case for change

This paper evaluates the effectiveness of disability employment policy in assisting people with psychiatric disability to find, or return to, paid work. We argue that the poor employment outcomes from current programs establish the need for a paradigmatic shift in the form of a state‐provided Job Guarantee (JG) for people with psychiatric disability. In the absence of measures to generate suitable jobs, forthcoming changes to the eligibility criteria for Disability Support Pension will create risks rather than opportunities. Under the JG, the Federal Government would maintain a ‘buffer stock’ of minimum wage, public sector jobs to provide secure paid employment for this highly disadvantaged group. The role of the state in this alternative model is two fold. First, the state must provide the quantum of JG jobs required. Second, the state must ensure the design of jobs is flexible enough to meet the heterogeneous and variable support needs of workers. This will require effective integration of the JG scheme with mental health, rehabilitation and employment support services.     

北京流动人口面临的困难与对策

流动人口由乡村集中到城市 ,进入一个完全陌生的环境 ,要面临各种各样的问题和困难。本文从在北京的流动劳动力的就业、收入和流动儿童的教育等方面探讨了流动人口在城市中所面临的困难 ,并提出了解决相关问题的部分对策建议。     

单位体制下男女平等就业的政治过程及其局限性

计划经济时代,中国在男女平等就业方面取得了巨大的成就,这些成就是国家通过单位体制的制度设置,运用政治过程推动和实践的结果。单位组织作为联结国家和个人的中介,将男女平等的国家意识形态在就业方面予以贯彻落实。同时,单位组织自身的福利性质以及对家庭功能的替代为女性的平等就业提供了条件。但是,在单位体制下,促进就业平等的政治过程仍然存在着局限性,主要表现为女性比较难以进入核心部门;在组织中处在较低的职位层次;片面的平等对女性造成身心伤害。这些被平均主义分配政策掩盖的问题在市场化改革后逐渐显露出来。单位制度的变革,一方面使男女平等就业失去了有力的组织和制度保证;另一方面,也在为克服以往性别平等的局限性创造着条件。     

以市场为导向探索毕业生零距离就业

在分析我国高等教育的成果、问题的基础上，提出民办高等教育所面临的挑战和机遇，进而探讨青岛飞洋职业技术学院“以市场为导向办学，培养适合市场经济发展需要的人才，真正实现毕业生零距离就业”的办学设想。     

对我国高等教育大众化后几个问题的思考

我国高等教育已完成精英教育向大众教育的转型,规模发展很快,取得了巨大的成绩。但是,高等教育规模扩张中也弥漫浮躁风气,留下了许多弊端与隐患。盲目追求升格带来的专业“空心化”问题,高等教育大众化后的教育质量观问题、大学生就业问题、办学理念问题,都值得深思。     

北京女大学生就业供求意向调查分析

20 0 3年 4月 ,中国人民大学劳动人事学院对北京市 14所大学和北京、上海等地75家企业进行了关于大学生就业供求的问卷调查。调查发现女大学生在校学习成绩和班级工作能力与男生相当甚至更好 ,她们的择业意愿和工薪期望与男生也非常相似 ,但是用人单位更愿意招收男生。结合劳动力供求双方来分析 ,学习成绩好固然是劳动力素质的一种表现 ,但是 ,企业在实际使用中感觉到男性员工比女性员工更有效率     

How is ‘welfare‐to‐work’ shaped by contingencies of economy,welfare policy and human capital?

This research weighed the impact made by the economy, welfare policy and human capital on unemployed welfare mothers in the USA. Specifically, it asked how welfare mothers' employment status, poverty status, and enrolment for Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) are affected by these three factors. Longitudinal data from the Survey of Income Program Participation (SIPP) provided a sample of TANF mothers. The SIPP data shed light on modes of economic adaptation exhibited by these mothers. Event history analysis was applied to the data (for years 1996–2000), and results were obtained showing that restrictive welfare policies combined with high unemployment can boost the number of working poor Americans by severing them from TANF. Human capital contingencies – which here comprised development of the sample's occupational skills, work experience and education – helped TANF mothers gain employment and even leave welfare. Some were able to do so and live above the poverty level. Social support, especially family support, was another factor included in this study that was found to be of some use to unemployed mothers in terms of finding work. Results bear several implications for TANF policy.     

人力投资对知识经济的推进效应

在知识经济时代,人力投资已显得至关重要。人力投资推进了人的知识领域,提高了人的技术品质,增强了再生产过程的经济效果,在劳动生产率的提高中起了重大作用。人力投资应用于提高劳动者的智力,会扩大劳动就业,又不会直接引起就业量的增加。有利于经济增长,推进经济长期、稳定发展。     

欠发达地区县域城镇化对农民家庭 生计的影响机制研究

城镇化对农民家庭生计和就业产生深远影响,基于中西部地区农民以家乡县 城为空间场域的就业和城镇化实践的经验调研,从农民家庭生计转型及其分化视角,立足农 民家庭及其主体能动性,考察农民县域城镇化实践对家庭生计和就业质量的影响及其作用 机制.研究发现,在农户分化的背景下,中西部欠发达地区县域城镇化发展,为离农户创造 了更多就业机会空间,促进了城镇化目标的完成;缺乏产业支撑的县域城镇化发展模式,没 有为“半工半耕”农户提供稳定和充分的非农就业机会,增加了进城农民就业和家庭消费负 担,并没有改善农民家庭生活完整性;纯农户处于城镇化起步阶段,县域城镇化发展促进其 农业经营模式的转型及农业收益的增加,但是也增加了家庭经济的消费负担.欠发达地区 城镇化发展应立足以人为本的城镇化发展原则,促进工业化、城镇化以及城乡之间协调发 展,改善农民生计质量.