Practices of activation in frontline interactions: Coercion,persuasion, and the role of trust in activation policies in Germany

Following Michael Lipsky's well‐known argument that policy is made in the daily encounters between street‐level bureaucracy and citizens, a growing body of research emphasizes that actors and organizations delivering social and labor‐market policy play a crucial role in welfare‐state politics. Using qualitative data collected at three local employment agencies in Germany, this article explores worker‐client relations as a crucial mechanism through which activation policies are translated into practice. The analysis investigates how caseworkers define their role and their relationships with clients. The findings show that it is essential for caseworkers to achieve client compliance. In such a context, building relationships of trust is a strategic instrument in overcoming possible barriers to co‐operation in the caseworker‐client interaction. Caseworkers develop strategies to create the impression of trustworthiness and to motivate both unemployed clients and employers to become trust‐givers in the caseworker‐client relation. While research has often stressed the dichotomy between disciplining and enabling elements of activation policies, our explorative study shows that persuasion and trust‐building are a further important dimension of the frontline delivery of activation policies. These strategies reflect the importance of emotional aspects of frontline work.     

西安历史文化的特质

西安历史文化,具有与生俱来的文明首创精神、智慧深邃的长治久安之计及不断发展的开放包容气度。要把西安建设成为彰显华夏文明的历史文化基地,既要充分挖掘历史文化的有形遗产,又要着力透过有形遗产去揭示历史文化的精神内涵,使两者相得益彰。     

钻进过程中井壁稳定性动态分析

现有的井壁稳定研究大多都属于静态的研究，并且将岩石近似为力学性质恒定的各向同性体，所得出的结论相对于钻井工作这一动态过程中所出现的真实情况会产生一定的误差。根据Mohr-Coulomb强度准则推导出的钻井液安全密度窗口计算公式，得到了适用的钻井液密度安全范围，然后利用有限元分析中的单元生死技术，模拟了钻井工程中井眼延伸和钻井液向地层渗透进而形成泥饼和污染带的过程，并将模拟得出的结果与理论计算出的钻井液安全密度窗口相结合，研究了在动态条件下更符合真实钻井过程的井壁应力变化规律。     

Quality,qualifications, and the market: Procuring interpretation services in the context of the “refugee crisis”

Contracting of services has become increasingly important over the last few decades. Against this background, public contracts play an indispensable role in setting standards for services as well as in the regulation of labour. This article explores public tendering strategies for a specific service, interpretation in the context of asylum and international protection. Based on an empirical study of tendering strategies of two public agencies in Greece, it analyses core issues related to working conditions and service quality, namely, the importance given to the price and the use of stipulations relating to working conditions and qualifications. The findings reveal that even under high budgetary constraints, individual agencies may seek to strategically counteract a price‐driven competition and point to the importance of the structure of the market as an external constraint.     

Social enterprises as enabling workplaces for people with psychiatric disabilities

In recent years, western governments influenced by neoliberalism have emphasized paid work as a key route to social inclusion and community participation for people with psychiatric disabilities. Although paid work can offer many rewards, access to mainstream employment for people with psychiatric disabilities is difficult as they continue to encounter discrimination and a lack of workplace accommodation. One response to these challenges has been the creation of social enterprises as ‘alternative spaces’ of employment for people with psychiatric disabilities. On the basis of interviews with key informants from 21 different social enterprises across Ontario, Canada, this paper critically analyzes the strategies used by organizations to create jobs that are both accommodating for people, but also conducive to the ongoing success of the business.     

基于目标函数的一类非线性系统模糊逻辑控制器的设计

讨论了基于目标函数的一类非线性系统模糊逻辑控制器设计问题。通过引入控制器参数学习递推算法并结合李雅普诺夫稳定性判据，使整个闭环系统不仅能满足稳定性条件且具有较好的跟踪参考输入信号能力，仿真结果表明了这一方法的有效性。     

Hard to reach and easy to ignore: the drinking careers of young people not in education,employment or training

Young people's drinking in the UK remains a matter of medical, social, media and political concern. The notion of transition and drinking styles in the move from childhood to adulthood and from education to employment has been central to understanding young people's drinking behaviour, but little is known about how the drinking patterns of those not in education or employment, both men and women, develop over time. This paper reports on research which aimed to examine the current drinking habits and drinking careers of young people not in education employment and training who are traditionally described as hard to reach. In‐depth qualitative interviews were undertaken with 23 young people: 15 women and 8 men aged between 14 and 23. The findings are presented with respect to three stages of drinking: starting, continuing or increasing, and decreasing or stopping. The conclusions indicate that for the majority of these young people, alcohol is a significant factor in their lives and that peers, gender, time and place combine to structure both their current alcohol use and drinking career. The paper argues that an understanding of young people's drinking career development and current alcohol use will help target effective social work and multi‐agency intervention.     

人力资本、社会资本对大学生就业质量的影响

人力资本对就业地区、就业行业、单位性质和承诺月薪的影响力分别为3.08%、10.4%、2.89%、12.38%,总影响力为7.19%;社会资本对以上四项的影响力分别为17.57%、3.54%、3.48%、1.82%,总影响力为4.69%。人力资本和社会资本成为大学生就业质量的双轮驱动力。就业质量差异扩大是一国经济发展的必然结果。人力资本的影响是合理的,而社会资本的影响具有两面性。大学生要努力积累人力资本,高校应开展就业能力导向的教学改革,政府要完善劳动力市场,以改善大学生就业质量。     

“馅饼”与“陷阱”：经济增长之于政治稳定的双向效应——基于法国大革命和亚非拉、中国现代化转型的历史考察

经济增长毫无疑问在一定程度上有利于政治稳定,但是经济增长并不必然促成政治稳定,它们之间也并非完全同向运行。实际上,经济增长与政治稳定是两个独立目标。经济增长过程出现的＂伴生物＂,时刻侵蚀着经济增长孕育的稳定基因。因此,经济增长对于政治稳定而言,其功能就表现出双向效应：它既可能成为政治稳定的＂馅饼＂,也可能成为政治稳定的＂陷阱＂。经济增长通向政治稳定的必由之路是做到尽可能利用经济增长的正效应,而克服其负效应。     

就业指导创新模式的探讨

校企合作是人才培养模式改革的重要切入点,是高职教育主动适应社会以实现可持续发展的必然选择。工学结合培养人才的模式是培养高职人才的根本宗旨,文中以培养电子商务人才为例阐述就业指导模式的创新。