社会保障的价值理念及其实现途径

公平乃社会保障实然、应然的核心价值理念。社会保障要创造、维护并促进社会公平,仍要受经济发展水平等诸多因素制约,也就容易出现保障水平过低、调节社会差距的能力不足等问题。为此,要继续倡导并坚守公平、正义、共享这一核心价值理念,整合与完善现有的制度安排,防止制度的破裂与碎片化。     

高校重点学科文献信息保障评价探究

文献信息保障是学科建设的重要支撑力量,对文献信息保障能力进行评价可以有力地促进保障水平的提高.文章对重点学科文献信息保障评价的理论基础进行了探讨,结合用户需求分析了重点学科文献信息保障的特点,并在此基础上对其评价指标的设立提出了初步构想.     

论我国农村社会养老保险制度建立问题

农村社会保障体系建设滞后于城市社会保障体系建设,农村社会养老保险制度处于城乡社会保障体系建设进程的后端,直接原因在于社会主义市场经济体制建立和完善过程的客观要求,根本原因在于城乡二元结构造成的农村经济发展和农民生活水平比较低下;广大农村从家庭养老向社会养老转变是农村社会经济发展的一种必然趋势,农村经济市场化和农业生产社会化,不仅在客观上要求农民养老社会化,而且为实现农民养老社会化创造必要的物质条件;农村社会养老保险基金的三个来源体现于每个农民领取的养老金中,是农村养老保险社会性的集中表现,也是农村社会养老保险制度的基本特性。     

加强农业基础地位和确保国家粮食安全战略研究综述

粮食安全问题一直是政治家与经济学家关注的热点问题,将加强农业基础地位和确保国家粮食安全纳入国家发展战略,是中国在面临工业化、城市化以及全球经济一体化等约束条件下的战略选择。通过对加强农业基础地位提高粮食生产以及农业与粮食安全在治国方略中的作用等方面进行综述,可以认识到从重视粮食生产到重视可获得性再到粮食安全的国家战略组成,是国内外粮食安全研究的一个基本研究轨迹。     

大城市人口发展与风险控制问题研究

人口是城市发展的重要内涵和基本条件,对人口发展中的风险进行有效的管理和控制是实现城市可持续发展的题中之义。文章从“人口安全”和“人口风险”的概念及基本特征入手,阐述了人口风险管理与控制的总体思路,分析了我国大城市人口风险的突出表征及应对策略。人口风险的多元化特征决定了对人口风险的控制,必然是一项复杂的社会系统工程,必须在多个层面上用协调的整合的方法进行监控、管理和防范。     

中国社会养老保障制度改革——一个劳动力市场的视角

劳动力市场变革是中国社会养老保障制度改革的动因与成败的关键,富有生产力的劳动力市场制度则是养老保障与国民经济协调发展的纽带,劳动力市场特征及其变革趋势应该成为社会养老保障制度改革的重要参数。鉴于中国流动劳动力规模大,非正规就业现象突出,城乡劳动者收入差距明显,劳动年龄结构日益老化,以及劳动力市场趋于一体化,需要建立一个城乡居民分别享有基础养老金,不同职业群体分别拥有不同层次补充养老金的多元但有效衔接的社会养老保障制度。     

The intersection of social protection and mobilities: a move towards a ‘Practical Utopia’ research agenda

Currently, a number of contributions in mobility studies are looking for fruitful intersections with other ‘adjacent’ approaches . In this spirit, our theoretical paper argues to study one particular aspect: the intersection of social protection and mobilities. Currently, the provision of social services in the ‘West’ is strongly entrenched within nation-state logics, which assume that clients’ immobility is a precondition of service delivery and that national citizenship is the desirable conditionality of gaining social rights. To overcome such a wide-spread conflation of social security with state security, we introduce the heuristic concept ‘social protection’. It allows social security to be imagined beyond a state-centric perspective and avoids the pitfalls of either a citizenship or a migration approach by taking on a mobility perspective. Thus, for scholars anchored in mobility studies we propose how to develop a social security perspective in a progressive way. For readers from other areas, e.g. citizenship, migration or social policy, we will show how a mobility perspective enriched by a No Border approach can overcome a narrow Western, statist and static perspective on social security. Our goal is to conceptually open up what we call a ‘practical utopia’ research agenda, one that expands our political horizons for future and present socialities.     

大数据时代执法合作中个人数据跨境保护问题研究

为打击跨国网络犯罪,维护国家安全,各国积极开展双边或多边的执法合作,其中对个人数据的保护问题成为关注的焦点.执法领域个人数据保护的全球标准尚未形成,美国和欧盟因数据保护立法的差异性和对隐私权概念的不同理解,在致力于协调两国数据保护立法上进行了诸多尝试,美国和欧盟签订了一系列数据分享协定,比如《欧盟—美国双边法律互助协定》《旅客订座记录协定》《环球银行金融电信协会协定》等,但这些数据分享协定有不同的数据保护标准.为了重建跨大西洋数据流动的信任,美国和欧盟达成了《欧美数据保护总协定》,为美国和欧盟提供综合性的执法领域数据保护框架.根据美国和欧盟的经验,我国应积极参与全球多边规则的制定、统一国内个人数据保护规则、针对执法领域个人数据保护进行专门立法、分阶段和分部门与境外执法机构订立双边协定.     

Primary Care Providers’ Perspectives on Screening Older Adult Patients for Food Insecurity

Food insecurity has been associated with poor health and health outcomes among older adults, yet food assistance resources are available and underutilized. Routine screening and referral for food insecurity in primary care is one avenue to connect food-insecure older adults with available resources. This qualitative study aims to better understand the beliefs of primary care providers (PCPs) about food security screening and referrals in a primary care setting and perceived barriers to implementation. PCPs (n = 16) who have older adult patients but do not routinely screen for food insecurity were interviewed by phone. PCPs recognize the importance of food security for older patients and discuss nutrition and food access with patients under certain circumstances. Concerns emerged with regard to implementing a systematic screening and referral process: limited time to meet with patients, a lack of resources for addressing food insecurity, and prioritizing food insecurity at both the health system and the patient levels. Despite perceived challenges, PCPs are receptive to the idea of systematically screening and referring patients to external resources for food assistance and support. Barriers could be addressed by health systems prioritizing food insecurity as a health concern and public and private payers providing reimbursement for screening.     

Survivors' pensions and their impact on the Brazilian labour market

In many countries the regulations governing survivors' pensions were established in periods when female labour market participation was lower than at present. However, the current trend in many Latin American countries is for growing levels of female labour participation. In Brazil, where there are no restrictions on the concurrent receipt of retirement and survivors' pensions, and where until recently lifelong pensions could be obtained without any conditionality, not only has the accumulation of such benefits grown, but there are indications that these rules have had a negative impact on women's labour market participation. Analysis of the case of Brazil shows the need for social security regulations to adapt to labour market changes, and underlines the need to acknowledge that social security regulations can actually have an impact on the labour market.