公共消费安全保障机制与对策研究

近年消费安全文献主要集中在农产品、食品安全消费,以及经营者安全消费环境义务归责等问题研究上。文章提出了从培育绿色商品市场体系、完善政府监管制度体系、健全行业协会监管职能等角度构建公共消费安全保障机制,同时提出了要加强消费公共安全理论研究、加大公共消费安全教育、完善公共消费安全预警与处置制度等具体对策。     

我国政府社会性管制有效性分析——以生产安全为视角

文章在对生产安全社会性管制必要性及管制优劣势进行理论回顾的基础上,考察我国生产安全现状,并以该视角来实证研究我国政府社会性管制的有效性,得出政府社会性管制的有效性较在"硬指标"上较高而在"软指标"上较低的结论。最后,文章提出加强"软指标"建设、用清晰的产权和法律法规来协助提高政府管制有效性,以解决当前严峻的生产安全问题。      

民族图形中的生命之美

民族图形洋溢着生命之美,文章探讨了生命形态本身在整体感、秩序感、运动规律方面的审美特征及其与民族图形审美特征的深层次相关性,将民族图形生命之美的根源归结到“天人合一”宇宙系统模式和与之相适应的审美价值观,而民族图形是这种观念在具体造物活动中的投射。在此基础上文章着重探讨了民族图形中完满统一、和谐、气韵流动等突出反映生命之美的造型特色。     

Salmonella Prevalence Alone Is Not a Good Indicator of Poultry Food Safety

Salmonella is a leading cause of foodborne illness (i.e., salmonellosis) outbreaks, which on occasion are attributed to ground turkey. The poultry industry uses Salmonella prevalence as an indicator of food safety. However, Salmonella prevalence is only one of several factors that determine risk of salmonellosis. Consequently, a model for predicting risk of salmonellosis from individual lots of ground turkey as a function of Salmonella prevalence and other risk factors was developed. Data for Salmonella contamination (prevalence, number, and serotype) of ground turkey were collected at meal preparation. Scenario analysis was used to evaluate effects of model variables on risk of salmonellosis. Epidemiological data were used to simulate Salmonella serotype virulence in a dose‐response model that was based on human outbreak and feeding trial data. Salmonella prevalence was 26% (n = 100) per 25 g of ground turkey, whereas Salmonella number ranged from 0 to 1.603 with a median of 0.185 log per 25 g. Risk of salmonellosis (total arbitrary units (AU) per lot) was affected (p ≤ 0.05) by Salmonella prevalence, number, and virulence, by incidence and extent of undercooking, and by food consumption behavior and host resistance but was not (p > 0.05) affected by serving size, serving size distribution, or total bacterial load of ground turkey when all other risk factors were held constant. When other risk factors were not held constant, Salmonella prevalence was not correlated (r = ?0.39; p = 0.21) with risk of salmonellosis. Thus, Salmonella prevalence alone was not a good indicator of poultry food safety because other factors were found to alter risk of salmonellosis. In conclusion, a more holistic approach to poultry food safety, such as the process risk model developed in the present study, is needed to better protect public health from foodborne pathogens like Salmonella.     

后金融危机时期油价走势与东北亚能源战略合作

文章用随机数学模型讨论了后金融危机时期的油价走势,指出国际原油价格继续走高,且有可能出现新一轮油价暴涨,由此亚洲溢价问题会变得更为突出。面对严峻的共同问题,东北亚各国加强能源合作已势在必行,合作则共赢,暗争则互损。导致亚洲溢价产生的根本原因在于亚洲(尤其是东北亚地区)对中东石油的过度依赖。解决亚洲溢价问题的根本出路在于寻求新的油气进口源地,使东北亚石油进口来源多元化、分散化,并建立起东北亚能源安全的多边合作机制,从根本上解决亚洲溢价问题,开拓泛丝路能源通道对东北亚能源安全具有重要的战略意义。     

Predictors of Parental Risk Perceptions: The Case of Child Pedestrian Injuries in School Context

The objective of this article is to explore the factors that influence parental risk perceptions of child pedestrian injuries in the elementary school context. Parents (n= 193) from six different schools responded to a questionnaire on road safety, including a measure of their risk perception. Results of bivariate analyses show that eight variables are significantly related to risk perception. Environmental variables, as we measure them, were not significant, contrary to our initial hypotheses. Only three variables, parent's gender, perceived primary source of danger, and sense of control remained significant in OLS regression analyses (adjusted R² of 0.16, F= 9.27; p= 0.00). Since parents’ perceptions of road risks are an important factor in their road safety practices and in their choice of transportation mode used for their child's journey to school, our analysis elucidates factors underlying these choices. Our results can help decisionmakers to design traffic injury prevention measures and to promote physical activity through the use of active modes of transport.     

关于“十二五”时期我国节能环保体制创新的思考

体制创新是节能环保事业顺利推进的制度保障。我国经济已经进入高速发展时期,传统的能源利用方式已对环境造成了极大的压力,有的地方甚至突破了其生态承载力,经济社会发展出现不可持续现象。总体而言,我国节能环保体制需要从宗旨定位、前提、关键、基础环节和出发点五个方面进行创新。     

STIRring the grid: engaging energy systems design and planning in the context of urban sociotechnical imaginaries

Since the first electrification systems were established in the United States between 1910 and 1930, energy systems governance at the municipal level has included competing visions for how engineering design and energy policy-making should foster particular social outcomes. Using Phoenix as a representative metropolitan area, and the cases of distributed generation and in-home power management devices as examples, this paper explores how the norms and values embedded in energy systems design and planning shape how residents experience change in the energy grid. Through these case studies, the authors argue that such “sociotechnical imaginaries” – collectively formed visions of social life related to science and technology development – are a crucial, yet overlooked, pathway for social science to engage in fostering socially reflexive mechanisms in energy development. To conclude, the authors outline a research program for applying the established methodology of socio-technical integration research (STIR) in order to develop socially reflexive capacities in municipal energy producing, regulating, and planning institutions. Such a program has the ability to produce a deeper intellectual understanding of how energy development occurs, and in doing so generate new pathways for fostering cultural and material changes in the structure of contemporary energy systems.     

Understanding the Adoption Process of National Security Technology: An Integration of Diffusion of Innovations and Volitional Behavior Theories

After the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the U.S. government initiated several national security technology adoption programs. The American public, however, has been skeptical about these initiatives and adoption of national security technologies has been mandated, rather than voluntary. We propose and test a voluntary behavioral intention formation model for the adoption of one type of new security technology: portable radiation detectors. Portable radiation detectors are an efficient way of detecting radiological and nuclear threats and could potentially prevent loss of life and damage to individuals’ health. However, their functioning requires that a critical mass of individuals use them on a daily basis. We combine the explanatory advantages of diffusion of innovation with the predictive power of two volitional behavior frameworks: the theory of reasoned action and the health belief model. A large sample survey (N = 1,482) investigated the influence of factors identified in previous diffusion of innovation research on portable radiation detector adoption intention. Results indicated that nonfinancial incentives, as opposed to financial incentives, should be emphasized in persuasive communications aimed at fostering adoption. The research provides a new integration of diffusion of innovation elements with determinants of volitional behavior from persuasion literature, and offers recommendations on effective communication about new security technologies to motivate public adoption and enhance national safety.     

太阳能利用技术与工程专业方向课程体系建设探索

基于社会对太阳能利用技术人才的巨大需求和连云港在太阳能利用方面的技术优势，分析了太阳能利用学科及人才的定位，阐述了太阳能利用学科人才培养的目标和原则，并详细论述了太阳能利用学科课程体系的特点和构成。